Ethical concepts

Question 1

list the ethical concepts

Answer 1

beneficence​

• integrity​
• justice​
• non-maleficence​
• respect

Question 2

Beneficence

Answer 2

beneficence refers to the commitment to maximising benefits and minimising the risks and harms involved in taking a particular position or course of action ​

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Things to consider:​

whether the research design minimises harm.​

where harm is a necessary part of the research, it is outweighed by the benefits of the study​

participants’ welfare​

Question 3

Integrity

Answer 3

integrity is the commitment to searching for knowledge and understanding, and the honest​

reporting of all sources of information and results, whether favourable or unfavourable, in​

ways that permit scrutiny and contribute to public knowledge and understanding (VCAA).​

​

Things to consider:​

objective and open reporting and recording of results.​

processes of peer review.​

Question 4

Respect

Answer 4

Respect is the consideration of the extent to which living things have an intrinsic value and/or instrumental value; giving due regard to the welfare, liberty and autonomy, beliefs, perceptions, customs and cultural heritage of both the individual and the collective; consideration of the​

capacity of living things to make their own decisions; and when living things have diminished capacity to make their own decisions, ensuring that they are empowered where possible​

Question 5

Justice

Answer 5

Justice in research is the moral obligation to ensure that there is fair consideration of competing claims; that there is no unfair burden on a particular group from an action; and that there is fair distribution and access to the benefits of an action

Question 6

Non-maleficence (no-harm principle)

Answer 6

Non-maleficence is the principle of avoiding causing harm. However, as a position or course of action may involve some degree of harm, the concept of non-maleficence implies​

that the harm resulting from any position or course of action should not be disproportionate to the benefits from any position or course of action

Question 7

Ethical guidelines

Answer 7

confidentiality, informed consent, uses of deception, debriefing, voluntary participation and the wright to withdraw

Question 8

confidentiality

Answer 8

confidentiality refuses to the privacy, protection and security of a partisapent’s personal information in terms of personal details and the anonymity of individual results

Question 9

debriefing

Answer 9

debreifing is a procedure that ensures that at the end of the experiment, the partisapent leaves understanding the experimental aim, results and conclusions.

Question 9

voluntary participation

Answer 9

voluntary participation is a principle that ensures there is no coercion or pressure put on the partisapnets to partake in an experiment, and they freely choose to be involved

Question 9

informed consent procedures

Answer 9

are the processes that ensure that partisapents understand the nature and purpose of the experiment, including potential risks, before agreeing to participate in the study.

Question 9

deception

Answer 9

refuses to the acts of intentionally misleading participants about the true nature of a study or procedure.

Question 10

withdraw rights

Answer 10

refuses to the right of partisapnets to be able to discontinue their involvement in an experiment at any time during, or after the conclusion of an experiment without penalty.