Visual Perception Flashcards
Who provide a useful framework for studying perception
James Gibson
We attempt to match a pattern
Feature-Matching Theories
This model have a specific duties receive and analyze the features of a stimulus
Pandemonium Model
The perceiver builds(construct) a cognitive understanding (perception) of a stimulus.
Constructive Perception
Process by which we recognize,organize, and make sense of the sensation we receive from environmental stimuli by sensation.
Perception
When we perceived an assortment of objects, we tend to see objects that are close to each other as forming a group.
Proximity
SPECIALIZES IN RECOGNIZING PARTS
OF OBJECTS AND IN ASSEMBLING
THOSE PARTS INTO DISTINCTIVE
WHOLES
FEATURE ANALYSIS
SYSTEM
occurs when our
perception of an object remains the
same even when our proximal
sensation of the distal object changes
Perceptual constancies
considers the appearance of the
object itself, regardless of the
distance and angle from which it
is viewed.
OBJECT-CENTERED
REPRESENTATION
are the influences of the surrounding environment on
perception. The strength of the context also plays a role in object
recognition
Context effects
information is characterized by
its relation to a well-known or
prominent item
LANDMARK-CENTERED
REPRESENTATION
manage to perceive 3-D
space when the proximal stimuli on
your retinas account for only a 2-D
projection of what you see
Depth cues
ABILITY TO USE THE
VISUAL SYSTEM TO GUIDE MOVEMENT
Ataxias
MOST COMMON IS RED-GREEN COLOR BLINDNESS. PEOPLE WITH
THIS FORM OF COLOR-BLINDNESS HAVE DIFFICULTY IN
DISTINGUISHING RED FROM GREEN ALTHOUGH THEY MAY BE ABLE
TO DISTINGUISH
Protanopia
ONLY TWO OF THE MECHANISMS FOR COLOR
PERCEPTION WORK, AND ONE IS MALFUNCTIONING
Dichromacy
CONFUSION OF BLUES AND GREENS, AND YELLOWS
THAT DISAP PEAR OR APPEAR AS LIGHT SHADES OF
REDS
Tritanopia
HAVE NO COLOR VISION AT ALL
Achromacy
TROUBLE SEEING GREENS WITH SYMPTOMS SIMILAR TO
PROTANOPIA
Deuteranopia
SPECIALIZES
IN
RECOGNIZING
LARGER CONFIGURATIONS, NOT
ANALYZING PARTS OF OBJECTS OR
THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE
OBJECTS.
CONFIGURATIONAL
SYSTEM
recognize objects by observing the edges of
them and then decomposing the objects into geons.
Recognition-by-components theory
suggest that our
minds store myriad sets of
templates
Template theories
considers the appearance of
an object relative to the viewe
VIEWER-CENTERED
REPRESENTATION
the information in
our sensory receptors, including the
sensory context, is all we need to
perceive anything
Direct perception
As the environment supplies us with
all the information we need for
perception, this view is sometimes
also called
ecological perception
by which objects presented in certain
configurations are easier to recognize than the objects presented in isolation,
even if the objects in the configurations are more complex than those in isolation.
Configural-superiority effect
We tend to group objects on the basis of their similarity
Similarity
We tend to perceive objects as forming mirror images about their center
Law of symmetry
What is the four pandemonium
Image
Feature
Cognitive
Decision
participants
were slowed down if they had to identify
local (small) S’s combining to form a
global (big) H instead of identifying
local (small) H’s combining to form a
global (big) H.
Global precedence effect
Participants more quickly identify the local
features of the individual letters than the
global ones, and the local features interfere
with the global recognition in cases of
contradictory stimuli
local precedence effect
recognizable creature is staring them in the
face, but they may not see it
Dallenbach’s Cow
show that sometimes we cannot perceive things that exist.
At other times, however, we perceive things that do not exist.
Illusion
Ex. Elusive triangles
Framework of James Gibson
Distal object , Informational Medium, Proximal Stimulation and Perceptual object
the distance from a
surface, usually using your own body
as a reference surface when
speaking in terms of depth
perception
Depth Perception
TROUBLE PERCEIVING SENSORY INFORMATION
Agnosias
Cells adapt to the constant stimulus. “Complete field”
The Ganzfeld Effect
Approaches to Perception
Bottom-up Theories
Top-down Theories
The human eye
Iris, pupil, cornea, lens, ciliary muscle, rods and cons, fovea, blindspot, optic nerve, retina
Bottom-up Theories
Direct Perception
Template theories
Feature-Matching Theories
Recognition-by-components theory
Pathways to perceive
What pathway
Where pathway
Useful for understanding perceiving groups of objects and perceiving parts of objects to form an integral whole
Gestalt Laws
Two different Patterns Recognition system
Feature analysis system
Configurational system
The concepts of the perceiver and her cognitive processes influence what she sees
Top-down Theories
Simple geometric shapes are called ____
Geons
It is also called ecological perception
Direct Perception
The Gestalt Principles of form perception
Figure-ground
Proximity
Similarity
Closure
Symmetry
Prägnanz
Color Perception Deficiencies
Achromacy
Dichromacy
Protanopia
Deuteranopia
Tritanopia
