Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cognitive Psychology > Memory Processes > Flashcards

Memory Processes Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Three Stages of
Memory Processing

A

Encode
Storage
Retrieval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

FORMS OF ENCODING

A

Short-term Storage

Long-Term Storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

encoding in short-term memory
appears to be primarily acoustic

A

Short-term Storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

most information stored in long-term memory
primarily is encoded __________
- left parahippocampal place area
- visual and acoustic information can also be
encoded in long-term memory

A

Semantically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

TRANSFER OF INFORMATION FROM SHORT-TERM
MEMORY TO LONG-TERM MEMORY

A
  • INTERFERENCE
  • DECAY
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

when competing information
interferes with our storing
information

A

INTERFERENCE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

when we forget facts just
because time passes

A

DECAY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How we move information depends on whether the
information involves:

A

Declarative memory

Nondeclarative memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  • facts and knowledge
A

Declarative memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Entrance into long-term declarative memory may occur through
a variety of processes

A
  • Deliberately attending
    to information to
    comprehend it.
  • Consolidation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

By making connections or
associations between the new
information and what we
already know and undertsand

A

Consolidation.
process of integrating new
information into stored information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

involve reflecting on our own memory
processes to improve our memory

A

Metamemory Strategies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

our ability to think about and control
our own processes of thought and ways
of enhancing our thinking

A

Metacognition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

technique people use for keeping information active, the repeated recitation of an item

A

REHEARSAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the individual somehow
elaborates on the items to be
remembered

A

ELABORATIVE REHEARSAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the individual simply repeats
the items to be remembered

A

MAINTENANCE REHEARSAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

He noticed that the distribution of study (memory rehearsal) sessions over time affects the consolidation of information in long-term memory

A

THE SPACING EFFECT. Hermann Ebbinghaus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

-various sessions are spaced over
time

A

DISTRIBUTED PRACTICE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

-the sleep stage characterized by dreaming and increased brainwave
activity
-aids us in the formation of memory

A

Rem sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

acts as a rapid learning system
temporarily maintains new experiences until can be
appropriately assimilated into the more gradual
neocortical representation system of the brain

A

Hippocampus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q
  • important brain region for memory
    formation, and new cells are generated there
    continuously
A

dentate gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

specific techniques to help you organize and memorize information

A

Mnemonic Devices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Mnemonic Devices

A
  • Categorical Clustering
  • Interactive images
  • Acronym
  • Acrostic
  • Pegword system
  • Method of Loci
  • Keyword system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

-imagery of isolated items

A

FREE RECALL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Mnemonic devices and other techniques for aiding
memory involve metamemory

A

REMINDERS

FORCING FUNCTIONS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

SUBJECT TO DECLINE AS
WE AGE

A

Retrospective memory

Prospective memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

women recall emotionally
charged pictures better than
men

A

Gender difference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

repeated stimulation of particular neural
pathways tends to strengthen the likelihood
of firing

A

Long-Term Potentiation

29
Q

formation of memories

A

Brain Oscillations

30
Q

a memory disorder that results from Vitamin
B1 deficiency and is associated with
alcoholism

A

KORSAKOFF SYNDROME

31
Q

-sessions are crammed together in a very
short space of time

A

Massed Practice

32
Q
  • to maximize the effects on long-term recall, the
    spacing should ideally be distributed over month
A

Spacing effect

33
Q

-verbal rehearsal

A

Serial recall

34
Q

visualize walking around an area
with distinctive landmarks that
you know well, and then link the
various landmarks to specific
items to be remembered

A

METHOD OF LOCI

35
Q

organize a list of
items into a set of
categories

A

CATEGORICAL
CLUSTERING

36
Q

associate each new word with a
word on a previously memorized
list and form an interactive image
between two words

A

PEGWORD SYSTEM

37
Q

form an interactive image that
links the sound and meaning of
a foreign word with the sound
and meaning of a familiar word

A

KEYWORD SYSTEM

38
Q

external memory aids

A

REMINDERS

39
Q

physical constraints that
prevents us from acting
without at least considering
the key information to be
remembered

A

FORCING FUNCTIONS

40
Q

memory for the past

A

Retrospective
memory

41
Q

memory for things we
need to do or remember
in the future

A

Prospective memory

42
Q

key role in memory for classically
conditioned responses and contributes
to many cognitive task in general

A

Cerebellum

43
Q

Two RETRIEVAL FROM SHORT-TERM MEMORY

A

Parallel Processing

Serial Processing

44
Q

simultaneous handling of multiple operations
(items in short-term memory would be retrieved all at once)

A

Parallel Processing

45
Q

The participant will check the test
digit against all the digits in the
positive set even though a match was
found partway through the list.
The response time is always the
same, no matter where the test digit
was located in the positive set.

A

Exhaustive
Serial Processing

46
Q

simultaneous operations being done one after another
(retrieval in succession rather than all at once)

A

Serial Processing

47
Q

The participant will check the test digit
against only against those digits
needed to make a response. Once the
test digit has been located, the
process is terminated.
Response time increases as the test
digit is located later in the positive set.

A

Self-terminating
Serial Processing

48
Q

Two RETRIEVAL FROM LONG-TERM MEMORY
(Tulving & Pearlstone, 1966)

A

Free recall
Cued recall

49
Q

(TWO) RETRIEVAL FROM LONG-TERM MEMORY
(Tulving & Pearlstone, 1966)

A

Free recall
Cued recall

50
Q

RETRIEVAL FROM LONG-TERM MEMORY
(Khader et al., 2005)

A

Spatial Position
Facial Association

51
Q

Two Processes of Forgetting
and Memory Distortion

A

Interference Theory and Decay Theory

52
Q

occurs when competing information causes us to forget something

A

Interference

53
Q

occurs when the passage of time causes us to forget.

A

decay

54
Q

TASK USED IN INTERFERENCE THEORY

A

Brown-Peterson Task

55
Q

Newly acquired knowledge impedes
the recall of older material.
It is caused by activity occurring after
we learn something but before we are
asked to recall that thing.

A

Retroactive interference

56
Q

It occurs when material that was learned in
the past impedes the learning
of the new material.
The interfering material occurs before
learning of the to-be-remembered material.

A

Proactive interference

57
Q
  • mental frameworks that
    represent knowledge in a meaningful way
A

SCHEMAS

58
Q
  • represents the
    probability of recall of a given word, given
    its serial position (order of presentation)
    in a list
A

Serial Position Curve

59
Q

superior recall of words
at and near the beginning of a list

A

Primacy effect

60
Q

superior recall of words
at and near the end of a list

A

Recency effect

61
Q

prior experience affects how we recall things and what we actually recall
from memory

A

constructive

62
Q

It refers to the memory of an individual’s history. It is constructive

A

Autobiographical Memory

63
Q

Autobiographical memory describe in terms of:

A

Semantic Memory and episodic memory

64
Q

a memory of an
event so powerful that the person remembers the event as vividly as if it were indelibly preserved on film

A

flashbulb memory—

65
Q

It happens when
our brain creates false memories.
These false memories are then
stored in the brain, and their
validity is not considered.

A

Memory distortions

66
Q

These distortions tend to occur in seven specific ways, which Schacter (2001) refers to as the “seven sins of memory.”

A

Transience
Misattribution
Blocking
Absent- mindedness
Suggestibility
Bias
Persistence

67
Q

Is a legal term that refers to an account given by
people of an event they have witnessed. It is also
what happens when a person witnesses a crime (or
accident, or other legally important event) and
later gets up on the stand and recalls for the
court, all the details of the witnessed event.

A

Eyewitness Testimony

68
Q

Is a legal term that refers to an account given by
people of an event they have witnessed. It is also
what happens when a person witnesses a crime (or
accident, or other legally important event) and
later gets up on the stand and recalls for the
court, all the details of the witnessed event.

A

Eyewitness Testimony

69
Q

Are memories that are alleged to have been
pushed down into unconsciousness because of the
distress they cause. Such memories, according to
the view of psychologists who believe in their
existence, are inaccessible, but they can be
dredged up.

A

Repressed Memories

Cognitive Psychology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions