MEMORY Flashcards
The means which we retain and draw on information from
our past experiences to use in the present.
Refers to a dynamic mechanism associated with storing,
retaining and retrieving information about past
experience.
Memory
Three Common Operations of Memory:
- Encoding
- storage
- retrieval
Task used for measuring memory.
Two major categories:
- Recall versus Recognition memory
- Implicit versus Explicit memory
you produce a fact, a word, or
other item from memory.
Recall
select or identify an item as being
one that you have been exposed
to previously.
Recognition
which is the number of trials it
takes to learn once again items
that were learned in the past.
It has also been referred
to as savings and can be observed
in adults, children, and animals
Relearning
you respond to stimuli presented
to you and decide whether you have
seen them before or not.
Recognition - memory task
use information from memory but
are not consciously aware that
we are doing so
Implicit
Each of the tasks previously
discussed involves explicit
memory.
participants engage in conscious
recollection.
Explicit
Two Tasks involve Implicit memory:
Priming task
Task involving procedural knowledge
is the facilitation of your ability to utilize
missing information.
Priming
subjects use an
L-shaped stylus to track a small, rotating
disk on a spinning platform.
Rotary Pursuit
Task
subjects trace the outline of a shape they can only see in a mirror.
Mirror tracing task
He proposed a model of memory distinguishing two
structures of memory
William James
They proposed an alternative model that conceptualized memory in terms of three memory stores
Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin
Two structures of memory
Primary memory
Secondary memory
Three memory stores. Multistore Model
Sensory Store
Short term store
Long-term store
(iconic store) is the initial repository of much information
that eventually enters the shorthand long-term stores.
Sensory store
addressed the question of how much information we can encode in a single, brief
glance at a set of stimuli
Sperling’s Discovery
George Sperling
In this investigation, a small mark appeared just above one of
the positions where a letter had appeared
Subsequent refinement
Levels of processing
Physical - visual features of letters
Phonological - sounds combination of letters
Semantic - meaning of the word
Who proposed the working memory model?
Baddeley and Hitch (1974)
Holds only the most recently activated, or conscious, portion of long term memory, and it moves these activated elements into and out of brief, temporary memory storage
Working memory
Components of working memory
Visiouspatial sketchpad
Phonological loop
Central Executive
Subsidiary slave system
Episodic buffer
True or False.
The buffer is used to remember information
temporarily
True
It is activated to a greater extent when a
person looks at faces as opposed to
other objects such as houses.
Fusiform Face Area (FFA)
Measuring Working Memory
Retention delay task
Temporal order task
Temporally ordered
working memory load
task
N-back task
Temporally ordered
working memory load
task
Temporally ordered
working memory load
task
Multiple Memory Systems
Semantic Memory
Episodic Memory
