Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Opthamology > Visual loss and blindness > Flashcards

Visual loss and blindness Flashcards

1
Q

What are causes of sudden visual loss?

A 
Vascular aetiology
Retinal detachment
Age related macular degeneration 
Closed angle glaucoma
Optic neuritis
Stroke
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are types of vascular aetiology?

A

Occlusion of Retinal circulation
optic nerve head circulation
Haemorrhage from abnormal blood vessels and retinal tear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are symptoms of Central Retinal Artery Occlusion?

A

Sudden visual loss

Painless

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are signs of Central Retinal Artery Occlusion?

A

RAPD - relative afferent pupil defect

Pale oedematous retina, thread like retinal vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do you treat CRAO if the patient presents within 24 hours?

A

Ocular message

convert CRAO to BRAO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are vascular managements of CRAO?

A

Carotid doppler - find the source of emboli

Assess and manage risk factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name two other varients of retinal artery occlusion

A

branch retinal artery occlusion

Amaurosis fugax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are symptoms of transient crao? (Amaurosis fugax)

A

Transient painless visual loss
Like a curtain closing down
Lasts 5 mins with full recovery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What should be done with transient crao?

A

Immediate referral to TIA clinic

Aspirin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are systemic causes of Central retinal vein occlusion?

A

Virchow’s Triad:
Artherosclerosis
Hypertension
Hyperviscosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are symptoms for CRVO?

A

Sudden visual loss

Moderate to severe visual loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are signs for CRVO?

A

Retinal haemorrhages
Dilated tortuous veins
Disc swelling and macular swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Can laser treatment help with CRVO?

A

Yes, to help prevent complications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a treatment can be used for CRVO?

A

Anti-VEGF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy?

A

Occlusion of optic nerve head circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What can cause ischaemia of optic nerve head?

A

Giant cell arthritis

Atherosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are things regarding GCC?

A 
Headache
Jaw claudication 
Scalp tenderness
Malaise
High ESR, PV and CRP
18
Q

What are symptoms of vitreous haemorrhage?

A

Loss of vision

floaters

19
Q

What are signs of vitreous haemorrhage?

A

Loss of red reflex

20
Q

How do you treat a vitreous haemorrhage?

A

Vitrectomy

21
Q

What are retinal detachment symptoms?

A

Painless loss of vision

Sudden onset of flashes/floaters

22
Q

What are signs of retinal detachment?

A

May have RAPD

may see a tear on ophthalmoscopy

23
Q

How do you manage retinal detachment?

A

usually surgically

24
Q

What are wet and dry ARMD?

A 
wet = sudden
dry = gradual
25
Q

what happens in wet ARMD?

A

new blood vessels leak under the retina leading to scarring

26
Q

What are symptoms of wet ARMD?

A

Rapid onset visual loss

Distortion (metamorphopsia)

27
Q

What are signs of wet ARMD?

A

haemorrhage

exudate

28
Q

Describe anti-VEGF treatment

A

Injected into vitreous cavity.

Stops new blood vessels growing

29
Q

What is cataracts?

A

cloudiness of the lens

30
Q

What is a Christmas tree cataract?

A

Polychromatic cataract

31
Q

What is the management of cataracts?

A

Surgical removal with intra-ocular lens implant if patient is symptomatic

32
Q

What are symptoms of dry ARMD?

A

Gradual decline in vision

Central vision ‘missing’ (scotoma)

33
Q

What are signs of ARMD?

A

Drusen - build up of waste products below RPE

Atrophic patches of retina

34
Q

What is refractive error?

A

Eye cannot clearly focus image

35
Q

What is myopia?

A

Short sighted

36
Q

What is hypermetropia?

A

long sited

37
Q

What is astigmatism?

A

usually irregular corneal curvature

38
Q

What is presbyopia?

A

loss of accomodation with aging

39
Q

What is glaucoma?

A

Progressive optic neuropathy

Optic nerve damage

40
Q

Is acute glaucoma an ophthalmic emergency?

A

Yes

41
Q

How can you manage glaucoma?

A

Lower IOP with drops/oral medication to prevent blindness

42
Q

What are signs of glaucoma?

A

Cupped disc
Visual field defect
IOP

Opthamology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions