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Opthamology > Ocular Pharmacology > Flashcards

Ocular Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What drugs penetrate the epithelium?

A

Lipid soluble drugs

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2
Q

What drugs penetrate the stroma?

A

Water soluble drugs

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3
Q

Describe the epithelium?

A

Lipophilic/hydrophobic

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4
Q

Describe the stroma?

A

Lipophobic/Hydrophilic

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5
Q

What drug penetrates the cornea?

A

Chloramphenicol

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6
Q

What are hydrophobic drugs inhibited by?

A

Stroma

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7
Q

What are hydrophilic drugs limited by?

A

epithelium

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8
Q

What do topical steroids require?

A

Hydrophobic and hydrophilic capabilitites

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9
Q

What makes steroids more hydrophobic?

A

Acetate/alcohol

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10
Q

What makes steroids more hydrophilic?

A

Phosphate

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11
Q

What does benzalkonium do?

A

Disrupts lipid layer of tear film

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12
Q

What drug is good for lowering IOP in glaucoma?

A

Bimatoprost (0.001%)

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13
Q

What limits the systemic absorption of topical drugs?

A

Punctal occlusion

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14
Q

What anti-inflam agents are used?

A

Steroids
Topical NSAIDS
Anti-histamines
Mast cell stabilisers

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15
Q

When are topical steroids used?

A

Post op cataracts
Uveitis
Prevent corneal graft rejection

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16
Q

What local side effects can be caused by steroids?

A

Cataract
Glaucoma
Exacerbation of viral infection

17
Q

What systemic side effects can be caused by steroids?

A 
Gastric ulceration
Immunosuppression
Osteoporosis
Weight gain
Diabetes
Neuropsychiatric effects
18
Q

What is Glaucoma?

A

Group of diseases characterised by a progressive optic neuropathy resulting in field defects

19
Q

What is a modifiable risk factor for glaucoma?

A

Intra-ocular pressure

20
Q

What medication can slow down glaucoma?

A 
Prostanoids - latanoprost
Beta blockers 
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Alpha 2 adrenergic agonist
Parasympathometic - pilocarpine
21
Q

What is a problem with intravitreal administration?

A

Many drugs are toxic to the retina

22
Q

How does local anaesthetic work?

A

Blocks the sodium channels and impedes nerve conduction

23
Q

What can fluorescein be used to see?

A

Corneal abrasions

Daignosing nasolacrimal duct obstruction

24
Q

Give two examples of mydriatics

A

Tropicamide

Cyclopentolate

25
Q

What do mydriatics do?

A

Pupil dilation by blocking parasympathetic supply to iris

26
Q

What are side effects of mydriatics?

A

Blurring

AACG

27
Q

What do sympathomimetics do?

A

Act on sympathetic system
Cause pupil to dilate
Dont effect ciliary muscle (accomodation)

28
Q

Give 2 examples of sympathomimetics

A

Phenylephrine

Atropine

29
Q

What can steroids cause?

A

Cataracts

Opthamology (12 decks)

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