Eye in systemic disease Flashcards
What causes microaneurysm?
loss of pericytes
What are signs of non-proliferative retinopathy?
Microaneurysms hard exudate cotton wool patches abnormalities of venous calibre intra-retinal microvascular abnormalities
How do diabetics lose vision?
Retinal oedema affecting the fovea
vitreous haemorrhage
scarring/tractional retinal detachment
What are the classifications of retinopathy?
none mild Np moderate Np severe Np proliferative retinopathy
What are the classifications of maculopathy?
none
observable
referable
clinically significant
What surgery can help diabetic maculopathy?
Vitrectomy
What can alter the fundus?
hypertension
arteriosclerotic
What are features of hypertensive retinopathy?
Attenuated blood vessels - copper or silver wiring cotton wool spots hard exudates retinal haemorrhage optic disc oedema
Describe central retinal artery occlusion
sudden painless loss of vision
profound loss of vision
retinal nerve fibre layer becomes swollen except for at fovea (cherry red spot)
rarely recovers
Describe CRVO
Sudden painless loss of vision
Range of visual loss
need to determine degree of ischaemia
Describe Branch vein occlusion?
Painless disturbances in vision
may be assymptomatic
may be aware of loss of part of field
What are infective causes of uveitis?
TB HZ toxoplasmosis candidiasis syphilis lyme disease
What are non-infective causes of uveitis?
idiopathic syndromes HLA-B27 Juvenile arthritis Sarcoidosis Behcet's disease
What is Giant Cell Arthritis?
Inflam of middle sized arteries
What is Giant cell arthritis assoc. with?
Polymyalgia rheaumatica
What are signs/symptoms of giant cell arthritis?
Headache jaw claudication malaise raised PV blinding condition
What are features of extraocular thyroid eye disease?
Proptosis
lid signs - retraction, oedema, lag, pigmentation
restrictive myopathy
What are features of ocular thyroid eye disease?
Anterior segment: - chemosis - injection - exposire - glaucoma Posterior segment: - choroidal folds optic nerve swelling
How do you manage thyroid eye disease?
Control of thyroid dysfunction
Lubricants
Surgical decompression
What antibody is associated with SLE?
ani-DNA Ab
What is dry eyes?
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
What can rheumatoid arthritis cause?
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
Scleritis
Corneal melt
What is Sjorgens syndrome associated with?
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
Xerostomia
RA
Inflammation of the lacrimal glands
What are dermatology features of Marfans syndrome?
Steven’s-Johnson syndrome/erythema multiforme
maculopapular rash
Stomatitis
Conjunctivitis
