Visual Loss

Question 1

what is endophthalmitis?

Answer 1

injury to multiple eye structures caused by sepsis or iatrogenic

Question 2

papilloedema is?

Answer 2

swelling of optic disc with raised ICP

Question 3

optic neuritis most common systemic disease?

Answer 3

MS

Question 4

clinically, what should you always do to test eyes?

Answer 4

visual acuity: pin hole
pupil reactions: RAPD (marcus Gunn)

Question 5

colour saturation test called?

Answer 5

ishihara tests

Question 6

macula looks what colour?

Answer 6

yellow: macula lutea

Question 7

causes of ptosis?

Answer 7

Levator Palpribae Superioris: 3rd nerve palsy

Mullers: sympathetic chain

Question 8

how to test Myasthenia Gravis eyes ptosis?

Answer 8

ICE test

Question 9

punctate epithelial erosions suceptible for?

Answer 9

bacterial keratitis

Question 10

most common corneal dystrophies?

Answer 10

Fuch’s endothelial dystrophy

Question 11

cone shaped cornea disease called?

Answer 11

keratoconus

Question 12

red cells in the eye called? cause?

Answer 12

hyphema - trauma or diabetes

Question 13

when see white cells in anterior chamber?

Answer 13

inflammation

Question 14

acute unilateral red eye causes?

Answer 14

acute glaucoma

Question 15

normal intraocular pressure?

Answer 15

10-20mmHg

Question 16

how to decrease pressure in glaucoma

Answer 16

acetazolamide
protaglandin
osmotic drugs: mannitol
iridotomy with laser

Question 17

cataract is what?

Answer 17

nuclear sclerosis from cataract

Question 18

causes of cataracts

Answer 18

steroids
trauma
diabetes
Wilson's
ocular diseases

Question 19

lens suspended by?

Answer 19

zonules

Question 20

what condition predisposes to zonule weakness?

Answer 20

Marfan’s

Question 21

diameter of optic disc?

Answer 21

1.5mm

Question 22

HTN causes what in retina?

Answer 22

silver wiring

Question 23

what can cause vitreous haemorrhage?

Answer 23

trauma
diabetes
retinal tear risk

Question 24

what causes flashing lights?

Answer 24

• retinal traction/detachment (transient, usu. temporal field)
• migraine (lasts longer, more like annulus)

Question 25

what can you see in central Retinal artery occlusion?

Answer 25

Cherry Red Spot sign, the white around it is abnormal due to retinal ischaemia

Question 26

central artery occlusion acute treatment?

Answer 26

ocular massage, push for 5 seconds then release

Question 27

what can cause profuse intraretinal haemorrahage?

Answer 27

central retinal vein occlusion | sudden unilateral painless loss of vision

Question 28

age related macular degeneration 2 kinds?

Answer 28

neovascular (wet) (Rx: VEGF inhibitors) | non-neovascular (dry)

Question 29

most common cause of diabetic blindless? cause?

Answer 29

diabetic macular oedema: from lipid exudates

Question 30

most common cause of visual loss?

Answer 30

refractive error

Question 31

cause of posterio uveitis?

Answer 31

CMV

Question 32

woman in 20s shows up with decreased vision

Answer 32

increased ICP venous sinus thrombosis

Question 33

bilateral papilloedema cause?

Answer 33

raised ICP

Question 34

usually unilateral papilloedema?

Answer 34

optic neuritis