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Jason's MD2 Intersession 2 > Visual Loss > Flashcards

Visual Loss Flashcards

1
Q

what is endophthalmitis?

A

injury to multiple eye structures caused by sepsis or iatrogenic

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2
Q

papilloedema is?

A

swelling of optic disc with raised ICP

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3
Q

optic neuritis most common systemic disease?

A

MS

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4
Q

clinically, what should you always do to test eyes?

A

visual acuity: pin hole
pupil reactions: RAPD (marcus Gunn)

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5
Q

colour saturation test called?

A

ishihara tests

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6
Q

macula looks what colour?

A

yellow: macula lutea

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7
Q

causes of ptosis?

A

Levator Palpribae Superioris: 3rd nerve palsy

Mullers: sympathetic chain

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8
Q

how to test Myasthenia Gravis eyes ptosis?

A

ICE test

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9
Q

punctate epithelial erosions suceptible for?

A

bacterial keratitis

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10
Q

most common corneal dystrophies?

A

Fuch’s endothelial dystrophy

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11
Q

cone shaped cornea disease called?

A

keratoconus

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12
Q

red cells in the eye called? cause?

A

hyphema - trauma or diabetes

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13
Q

when see white cells in anterior chamber?

A

inflammation

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14
Q

acute unilateral red eye causes?

A

acute glaucoma

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15
Q

normal intraocular pressure?

A

10-20mmHg

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16
Q

how to decrease pressure in glaucoma

A

acetazolamide
protaglandin
osmotic drugs: mannitol
iridotomy with laser

17
Q

cataract is what?

A

nuclear sclerosis from cataract

18
Q

causes of cataracts

A 
steroids
trauma
diabetes
Wilson's
ocular diseases
19
Q

lens suspended by?

A

zonules

20
Q

what condition predisposes to zonule weakness?

A

Marfan’s

21
Q

diameter of optic disc?

A

1.5mm

22
Q

HTN causes what in retina?

A

silver wiring

23
Q

what can cause vitreous haemorrhage?

A

trauma
diabetes
retinal tear risk

24
Q

what causes flashing lights?

A
  • retinal traction/detachment (transient, usu. temporal field)
  • migraine (lasts longer, more like annulus)
25
Q

what can you see in central Retinal artery occlusion?

A

Cherry Red Spot sign, the white around it is abnormal due to retinal ischaemia

26
Q

central artery occlusion acute treatment?

A

ocular massage, push for 5 seconds then release

27
Q

what can cause profuse intraretinal haemorrahage?

A

central retinal vein occlusion

sudden unilateral painless loss of vision

28
Q

age related macular degeneration 2 kinds?

A

neovascular (wet) (Rx: VEGF inhibitors)

non-neovascular (dry)

29
Q

most common cause of diabetic blindless? cause?

A

diabetic macular oedema: from lipid exudates

30
Q

most common cause of visual loss?

A

refractive error

31
Q

cause of posterio uveitis?

A

CMV

32
Q

woman in 20s shows up with decreased vision

A

increased ICP venous sinus thrombosis

33
Q

bilateral papilloedema cause?

A

raised ICP

34
Q

usually unilateral papilloedema?

A

optic neuritis

Jason's MD2 Intersession 2 (15 decks)

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