Fractures Flashcards
4 steps to manage acute fracture
first aid
EMST/ATLS guidelines
Initial stabilization
definitive management
what do you do in initial stabilisation of fractures?
analgesia
splint
treat wound
reduction
what is rule of 2s for fracture?
2 views (of x-rays) 2 joints 2 times
5 things to know to communicate to orthopod
mechanism fracture description displacement articular involvement soft tissue status
3 zones of bone in long bone
epiphyseal (growth)
metaphyseal
diaphyseal
type of fracture/shape
transverse oblique spiral comminuted butterfly
describing angulation in saggital
extension (recurvatum) (distal fragment is front)
flexion (procurvatum)
soft tissue injury in fractures gives you an idea or what?
degree of energy transfer
Gustilo anderson classification
for soft tissue involvement in fractures
most common salter-harris classification?
Class II (good prognosis)
paediatric elbow look for what signs on x-ray
posterior fat pad
anterior fat pad
how to use the lines of long bones to see if there is an paediatric elbow fracture?
head of radius should point straight to the capitulum
anterior humeral line shoudl bisect centre of caputiulum
extension type fracture?
distal fragment is posterior
pulseless supracondylar is what?
Gartland class III, the proximal bone affecting vessels
how to treat pulseless suprecondylar
analgesia splint in extension sats plethysmography assess pulse, sats, colour/return urgent transfer
hard paediatric elbow to pick up?
lateral condyle fracture
what is CRITOL?
capitulum Radial head internal epicondyle trolchlea olecranon lateral epicondyle
when in doubt in paediatric elbow for x-rays, do what?
contralateral view
how to test hand nerves functionally?
a-ok - median (AIN nerve palsy, finger pads together)
thumbs up - radial
make a star: ulnar
how fast to bones heal?
kids twice as fast in adult (3-4/52 vs. 6-8/52
upper limb twice as fast in lower limb (6-8/52-12/16/52)
colles fracture displacement which direction?
dorsal displacement
11degrees volarly angulated
22 degrees
what is barton’s fracture?
chunk out of the radius: needs plate
Biers block is?
double tourniquet with lignocaine
snuff box tenderness means?
possible scaphoid fracture
scapholunate ligament injury
> 3mm on x-ray
check for what in boxers fracture?
rotation, buddy taping
mason classification for what?
radial head fractures
night stick fracture is what?
undisplaced ulnar #
ottawa ankle rules?
tender navicular
posterior borders lower 6cm of malleoli
tender base of 5th
can’t walk
weber classiciation for?
fibula #
A closer to malleoli
B - no talar shift or medial tenderness
C
NOF type fractures
intracapsular (most fractures)
extracapsular (intertrochanteric, subtrochanteric)
displaced?
how to treat NOF?
operative (96%)
common paediatric fractures
supracondylar
forearm/wrist
