Fractures

Question 1

4 steps to manage acute fracture

Answer 1

first aid
EMST/ATLS guidelines
Initial stabilization
definitive management

Question 2

what do you do in initial stabilisation of fractures?

Answer 2

analgesia
splint
treat wound
reduction

Question 3

what is rule of 2s for fracture?

Answer 3

2 views (of x-rays)
2 joints
2 times

Question 4

5 things to know to communicate to orthopod

Answer 4

mechanism
fracture description
displacement
articular involvement
soft tissue status

Question 5

3 zones of bone in long bone

Answer 5

epiphyseal (growth)
metaphyseal
diaphyseal

Question 6

type of fracture/shape

Answer 6

transverse
oblique
spiral
comminuted
butterfly

Question 7

describing angulation in saggital

Answer 7

extension (recurvatum) (distal fragment is front)

flexion (procurvatum)

Question 8

soft tissue injury in fractures gives you an idea or what?

Answer 8

degree of energy transfer

Question 9

Gustilo anderson classification

Answer 9

for soft tissue involvement in fractures

Question 10

most common salter-harris classification?

Answer 10

Class II (good prognosis)

Question 11

paediatric elbow look for what signs on x-ray

Answer 11

posterior fat pad

anterior fat pad

Question 12

how to use the lines of long bones to see if there is an paediatric elbow fracture?

Answer 12

head of radius should point straight to the capitulum

anterior humeral line shoudl bisect centre of caputiulum

Question 13

extension type fracture?

Answer 13

distal fragment is posterior

Question 14

pulseless supracondylar is what?

Answer 14

Gartland class III, the proximal bone affecting vessels

Question 15

how to treat pulseless suprecondylar

Answer 15

analgesia
splint in extension
sats plethysmography
assess pulse, sats, 
colour/return
urgent transfer

Question 16

hard paediatric elbow to pick up?

Answer 16

lateral condyle fracture

Question 17

what is CRITOL?

Answer 17

capitulum
Radial head
internal epicondyle
trolchlea
olecranon
lateral epicondyle

Question 18

when in doubt in paediatric elbow for x-rays, do what?

Answer 18

contralateral view

Question 19

how to test hand nerves functionally?

Answer 19

a-ok - median (AIN nerve palsy, finger pads together)
thumbs up - radial
make a star: ulnar

Question 20

how fast to bones heal?

Answer 20

kids twice as fast in adult (3-4/52 vs. 6-8/52

upper limb twice as fast in lower limb (6-8/52-12/16/52)

Question 21

colles fracture displacement which direction?

Answer 21

dorsal displacement
11degrees volarly angulated
22 degrees

Question 22

what is barton’s fracture?

Answer 22

chunk out of the radius: needs plate

Question 23

Biers block is?

Answer 23

double tourniquet with lignocaine

Question 24

snuff box tenderness means?

Answer 24

possible scaphoid fracture

Question 25

scapholunate ligament injury

Answer 25

> 3mm on x-ray

Question 26

check for what in boxers fracture?

Answer 26

rotation, buddy taping

Question 27

mason classification for what?

Answer 27

radial head fractures

Question 28

night stick fracture is what?

Answer 28

undisplaced ulnar #

Question 29

ottawa ankle rules?

Answer 29

tender navicular
posterior borders lower 6cm of malleoli
tender base of 5th
can’t walk

Question 30

weber classiciation for?

Answer 30

fibula #
A closer to malleoli
B - no talar shift or medial tenderness
C

Question 31

NOF type fractures

Answer 31

intracapsular (most fractures)
extracapsular (intertrochanteric, subtrochanteric)

displaced?

Question 32

how to treat NOF?

Answer 32

operative (96%)

Question 33

common paediatric fractures

Answer 33

supracondylar

forearm/wrist