Eye Emergencies pt.2 Flashcards

1
Q

why will ppl not complain of symptoms of cataracts?

A

in non-dominant eye

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2
Q

cataracts asking hx?

A

driving?
spouse driving?
night driving
reading

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3
Q

2 kinds of acute vascular emergencies?

A

embolism

ischaemia

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4
Q

collaterals to retina?

A

nope: end organ

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5
Q

retinal artery and branch artery embolism will present how?

A

sudden loss of vision in one eye

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6
Q

how to treat retinal artery embolism?

A

ocular massage
find source
exclude temporal arteritis
commence aspirin

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7
Q

usual source of embolus for retinal artery?

A

carotid bifurcation

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8
Q

hyperbaric chamber for retinal emboli?

A

useless

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9
Q

what does the central retinal artery occlusion look like?

A

whole retina is white-ish with cherry red spot

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10
Q

causes of rentral retinal artery occlusion?

A

calcific emboli
giant cell arteritis
atheroma

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11
Q

anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy cause?

A

giant cell arteritis

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12
Q

giant cell arteritis clinical symptoms

A

headaches
scalp tenderness
jaw claudication
polymyalgia rheumatica (limb girdle aches)

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13
Q

giant cell arteritis treatment?

A

1-1.5mg/kg steroids short term

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14
Q

what is jaw claudication?

A

pain when chewing cause the muscle moves the inflamed artery

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15
Q

Hallucinations spots and flickers cause?

A

separation of vitreous and retina in myopia/blunt trauma or old age causes traction on retina: get flickers

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16
Q

where do you normally get retinal tears?

A

periphery of retina

17
Q

how to differentiate cerebral infarction vs. retinal tear flickers?

A

homonymous

18
Q

what causes whizzes and zigzags in vision?

A

migraine most common

ischaemia can

19
Q

older people with migraine experience how?

A

more aura/hallucinations, maybe less headaches

20
Q

origin of migraine hallucinations?

A

visual cortex

21
Q

when to treat migraine?

A

only when headaches are disabling

22
Q

flashes causes

A
vitreous separation/mobility  (uniocular)
retinal ischaemia (uniocular)
cortical infarction (binocular)
23
Q

retinal ischaemia could be prodrome for?

A

giant cell arteritis

24
Q

blob in the vision could be?

A

bleeding into the vitreous

25
what does retinal detachment experience look like?
dark curtain coming up or down sudden or over days
26
what are charles bonnet illusions?
neurological, in older ppl who have poorer vision, complex illusions as their brain doesn't suppress
27
transient visual loss likely to be? difference between platelet and cholesterol
embolic - platelets(30s) from carotid bifurcation | -cholesterol (lasts minutes)
28
floaters obscuring fundus could be?
vitreous hemorrhage
29
Cataracts need to wait to treat?
Nope