Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Vision Therapy > Visual Efficiency Tx > Flashcards

Visual Efficiency Tx Flashcards

1
Q

What is visual efficiency?

A

the ways in which various ocular systems operate over time and under various viewing conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does visual efficiency include?

A

amplitude (amount/sufficiency), facility (flexibility), accuracy and stamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does visual efficiency determine?

A

how clear, comfortable and efficient a person’s vision will be throughout the day and throughout various tasks/activities of daily living

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What abilities is visual efficiency composed of?

A

oculomotor, accommodative, vergence, sensory fusion abilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are other names for visual efficiency?

A

computer vision syndrome, learning related visual problems, visual perceptual difficulty (technically different)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are treatment options for visual efficiency?

A

optical correction of ametropia, added lens power, prism, occlusion, vision therapy, surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Other order of treatment typically is not a hierarchy, what must come first?

A

optical correction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What can uncorrected refractive error cause?

A

under or over accommodation, high phoria or unusual vergence demand, imbalance between the eyes, decreased fusional ability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does under or over accommodation lead to?

A

accommodative fatigue or spasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does an imbalance between the eyes lead to?

A

sensory fusion disturbance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does decreased fusional ability lead to?

A

blurred retinal images

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What magnitude of hyperopia should be prescribed?

A

greater than 1.50 DS (unless toddler or younger, then hold off)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What magnitude of myopia should be prescribed at any age?

A

-5.00D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What magnitude of myopia should be prescribed between 1-3 years old?

A

-3.00D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What magnitude of myopia should be prescribed if older than 3 years old?

A

-1.00D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What magnitude of astigmatism should be prescribed if older than 3 years old and the cyl appears stable?

A

-1.00, may need to check patient several times to ensure stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

At what age do you prescribe -1.00 D of cylinder?

A

3 and older

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

If there is low ATR cylinder what should you consider?

A

accommodative problem, maybe don’t Rx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What should you always do before prescribing on kids?

A

trial frame!! check the reflexes with the potential Rx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is an added lens power for?

A

used to alter the accommodative or binocular demand, either plus or minus lenses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are plus and minus added lens powers used for?

A

+ is for a bifocal or SV near only, - is SV for a specific purpose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is one reason you might Rx a SV - lens?

A

for a divergence excess to wear for the distance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the relationship between high AC/A and added lens power?

A

good return on investment! large change in binocular posture with a small change in refraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does a plus lens do?

A

reducing accommodation and relaxes BV posture aka more exo or less eso at near

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What does a minus lens do?

A

increases accommodation and results in more converged posture aka less exo at distance which is good for DE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the relationship between a normal AC/A and added lens power?

A

a lesser effect on phoric posture, but still there, added lens power can be used for basic exo/eso cases but is probably used FTW which can cause problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is a potential problem with added plus FTW?

A

distance blur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is a potential problem with added minus FTW?

A

at near may overwhelm the accomodative system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the relationship between a low AC/A and added lens power?

A

added lenses have a very small effect on the phoria, probably won’t try a bifocal unless the patient also has an accommodative issue like a presbyope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are 3 purposes of prescribing added lenses?

A

allow the patient to see clearly at near, enhance the accommodative system, normalize the phoric posture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the two options to utilize to determine how much to rx?

A

data driven options and behavioral options

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are data-driven options?

A

balance NRA/PRA, creating a normal lag, and gradient AC/A

33
Q

What are behavioral options?

A

book ret, just look, visual comfort

34
Q

What is book retinoscopy?

A

give lenses to put patient at the “instructional” level, reflex should be bright with slight with to slight against motion

35
Q

What is just look retinoscopy?

A

obtain improved attention to a near target, reflex should appear brighter if more engaged

36
Q

What is visual comfort?

A

have a patient wear a trial frame while performing a near task, judge the amount based on comfort and ease of completing the task

37
Q

How is prism used?

A

to alter fusional vergence demand

38
Q

When is prism helpful?

A

horizontal or vertical relieving prism, prism to aid VT, prism when VT is not possible, prism to maintain VT when it is finished, brain injury, cosmetics

39
Q

T/F you typically need less prism than the math tells you

A

true

40
Q

What is occlusion?

A

used to isolate an eye during therapy, older standard of care

41
Q

What circumstances is occlusion used in?

A

treatment of amblyopia, strabismus, suppression

42
Q

What are opaque occlusion methods?

A

scotch tape, translucent specs of CLs, bangerter foils

43
Q

T/F occlusion can be full lens or sectoral

A

true, sectoral would be binasal, center only, etc

44
Q

When is surgery unlikely to be used?

A

as a treatment for non-strab cases

45
Q

When might surgery be used?

A

with constant tropias, horizontal phorias greater than 30 prism diopters at all distance or vertical phorias

46
Q

Explain surgery for a vertical phoria…

A

hard to use prism to correct, bilateral transposition or obliques which are tricky!

47
Q

What is vision therapy?

A

a sequence of neurosensory and neuromuscular activities individually prescribed and monitored by the doctor to develop, rehabilitate, and enhance visual skills and processing

48
Q

What is vision therapy the treatment of choice for?

A

most BV, accommodative and oculomotor disorders

49
Q

What do you need to evaluate about the patient before VT?

A

motivational level (brain injury and athletes have highest motivation), level of attention (age level considered), and ability to complete the tasks

50
Q

What are long-term effects of VT?

A

normal motor and sensory fusion, accommodative skills, and oculomotor control

51
Q

What are the benefits of VT?

A

reduces symptoms, eliminates accommodative spasm, eliminates suppression, increases accommodative amp/flexibility

52
Q

What does VT improve?

A

NPC, fusional vergence amplitude and facility, stereopsis, accuracy of saccades and pursuits, stability of fixation

53
Q

Where should you start VT?

A

where the patient can succeed, then move to where the patient struggles

54
Q

T/F you should work through the order and build from one phase to the next

A

true, motor example: gross motor, fine motor, oculomotor

55
Q

What might you need to treat at the very beginning?

A

amblyopia

56
Q

What are the 7 phases of the basic overall sequence?

A

1)optimal lens prescription 2) gross motor 3) monocular 4) bi-ocular/anti-suppression 5) binocular 6) binocular with loading (automaticity) 7) vip

57
Q

Where does the majority of your VT program fall?

A

3-5 aka monocular, bi-ocular/anti-supression and binocular

58
Q

What is phase 1 (optimal lens prescription)?

A

encourages optimal acuity, accommodation, binocularity; may need to prescribe prism to encourage fusion

59
Q

What is the temporary prism?

A

fresnel press-on prism

60
Q

What is phase 2 (gross motor)?

A

many patients have difficulty with visually guided learning like writing, motor coordination and eye-hand coordination

61
Q

T/F you may need to collaborate with OT/PT for the patient’s gross motor ability

A

true

62
Q

When is it especially important to work on gross motor?

A

in strabismus!

63
Q

We are b_, b_ b_

A

bilateral, binocular beings

64
Q

What is phase 3 (monocular)?

A

work to match the skills between R and L eyes, emphasis on accommodation, fixation and tracking, one in all CT programs for visual efficiency diagnosis

65
Q

What are possible monocular procedures?

A

near/far Hart chart, letter tracking, pegboard rotator, wayne saccadic fixator/binovi system, monocular accommodative rock

66
Q

What is phase 4 (bi-ocular)?

A

achieving simultaneous perception, both eyes are open but seeing something different, appreciate physiological diplopia, works on breaking supression

67
Q

How is bi-ocular work similar to and different from monocular fixation in a binocular field?

A

biocular= both eyes open but different views, MFBF=background seen for both eyes simultaneously fused but each eye has something individual to focus on

68
Q

What is MFBF?

A

monocular fixation in binocular field

69
Q

What are possible procedures for bi-ocular phase?

A

R/G TV trainer, R/G Hart chart, Robbin’s rock, Brock string, MFBF matching game

70
Q

What is phase 5 (binocular)?

A

work peripheral to central stereopsis, should be done in all VT programs for visual efficiency diagnosis

71
Q

When do you not work peripheral to central stereopsis?

A

with ET, start centrally where their visual axes cross then move peripherally

72
Q

What are the degrees of fusion?

A

1st simultaneous perception, 2nd luster/flat fusion, 3rd stereopsis

73
Q

What are possible procedures for binocular phase?

A

vectograms, tranaglyphs (Keystone basic binocular), computer vergence therapy (virtual reality)

74
Q

APPROXIMATELY how much time is spent between monocular, bi-ocular, and binocular?

A

1/3 for each

75
Q

Why is peripheral stereo easier?

A

because the eyes are not distracted by VA/focus

76
Q

What is phase 5 (binocular- advanced)?

A

additional procedures with higher difficulty

77
Q

What are possible procedures for binocular– advanced?

A

single oblique-mirror stereoscope, cheiroscope, brock string, aperture rule, eccentric circles, barrel card, life saver cards

78
Q

What is phase 6 (binocular with loading)?

A

builds automaticity of visual skills, builds flexibility– accommodative, vergence, and their interaction

79
Q

What are possible ways to “load” procedures?

A

cognitive loading, balance board, yoked prism, +/- lenses

Vision Therapy (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions