VIP and Academic Performance Flashcards
What is the long definition of disability?
a physical, mental, cognitive, or developmental condition that impairs, interferes with, or limits a person’s ability to engage in certain tasks or actions or participate in typical daily activities and interactions
What are the three short definitions of disability?
1) impairment that prevents someone from engaging in gainful employment 2) disqualification, restriction or disadvantage 3) lack of legal qualification to do something
The ____ is not the _____
diagnosis, disability OR diagnosis, person
T/F someone may have a specific condition that is not causing impairment
true
What life activities must have a substantial impairment for a diagnosis to be a disability?
caring for oneself, seeing, hearing, eating, sleeping, walking, standing, breathing, learning, reading, concentration, thinking, communicating, working etc
What are learning disabilities?
group of disorders resulting in significant difficulty with listening, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning, mathematical ability
What is NOT a learning disability?
not the result of an intellectual disability, insufficient/inappropriate instruction, cultural differences, social/emotional disturbance
What is the prevalence of learning disabilities?
5.4% average-developing schoolchildren; 27.8% children with special health care needs
About ___% of children with learning disabilities have reading problems?
75%
About___% of students with a learning disability have ONLY a visual perceptual disorder
20%
About __% of students with a learning disability have a visual perceptual disorder combined with other factors
20%
What is a reading dysfunction?
Scheiman and Wick– a failure to learn to read despite average or above-average intelligence, adequate or even abundant educational opportunities, normal sensory development (auditory and visual), normal culturation, no frank brain damage, and no primary emotional disturbance
What is NOT a reading dysfunction?
cognitive disability, emotional disturbance, educational deprivation, hearing impairment, visual handicaps
What is learning to read?
emphasis on word recognition and recall, large print, few words on each page, reading does not extend for long periods of time, writing used to reinforce reading
What is reading to learn?
longer reading assignments, smaller print, phonic cues less available, word analysis more automatic, emphasis shifts to comprehension and speed
What are visual components of learning to read?
accurate oculomotor skills, visual perception and memory, ability to integrate auditory and visual stimuli
What are visual components of reading to learn?
accommodation and binocularity, oculomotor control to keep place, visual perception plays a decreasing role, visual efficiency (track, team, focus) problems more likely to affect performance
Visual perceptual skills are related to ___
achievement
Visual perceptual skills are attributed to ____ of reading ability
6-20% in variance
What two skills show the highest association with reading ability?
visual memory and visual discrimination
What is an important factor in successful reading to learn?
visual perceptual processing speed
T/F VMI in younger grades can be used as a predictive factor
true– related to academic success in later grades; poor performance in VMI successfully predicted poor academic performance later
What is one possible theory of reversals?
a child learns to look at individual parts of a letter to determine what letter it is which creates problems for ambiguous letters
What are ambiguous letter examples?
lowercase b, d, p, q all have a straight line and a hump and the child must understand directional orientation in order to label these correctly
