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Vision Therapy > Oculomotor Theory and Programming > Flashcards

Oculomotor Theory and Programming Flashcards

1
Q

Remember, what are the three phases where most of your VT program falls

A

monocular, bi-ocular/anti-suppression, and binocular

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2
Q

What are the activities in phase three?

A

monocular accommodation activities and monocular oculomotor activities

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3
Q

What are the activities in phase four?

A

bi-ocular/anti-suppression accommodative and oculomotor activities, anti-suppression/basic fusion

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4
Q

What are the activities in phase five?

A

binocular accommodation and oculomotor activities and fusion therapy activities

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5
Q

What does orientation of the body in space entail?

A

major muscle groups lead and smaller muscle groups supplement

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6
Q

Oculomotor refinement allows…

A

vision to join in the process of movement and exploration

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7
Q

What is the primary purpose of the visual system?

A

derivation of meaning and the direction of action

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8
Q

T/F oculomotor problems often coexist with visual perceptual deficits

A

true

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9
Q

What other sensory systems do we get aid from?

A

proprioceptive and kinesthetic

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10
Q

What is developmental OMD?

A

poor body coordination leading to poor eye coordination

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11
Q

What are signs of a delay in developmental OMD development?

A

developmental delays, clumsy, abnormal, developmental milestones, letter/number reversals, poor laterality and directionality

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12
Q

What is laterality?

A

R and L on self, concept of two halves of the body

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13
Q

What is directionality?

A

R and L in space, understanding of whether an object is to the left or right of another, involved in spatial relationships… therefore reading, math, etc

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14
Q

What tests indicate possible developmental OMD delays?

A

fails “ability” on maples NSUCO, excessive body movement, head/neck movement

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15
Q

What are two steps of developmental OMD therapy?

A

work on gross motor first, improve rhythm

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16
Q

What are gross motor activities?

A

army crawl, balance board, walking rail, motor equivalent/chalkboard circles, handball, bunting

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17
Q

How does laterality develop?

A

infant develops ability to use sides independently, eventually one side becomes dominant and the other takes on a supporting role

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18
Q

How is laterality/directionality used with oculomotor therapy?

A

incorporate of a gross motor component with eye movements (point in direction of target) and include eye-hand coordination (catching with a specific hand)

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19
Q

What is eye tracking used for?

A

to find and fixate a target, precursor to accommodation and binocularity

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20
Q

T/F oculomotor therapy is done in the early stages of all VT programs?

A

true

21
Q

What is functional OMD?

A

poor eye tracking skills with normal gross/fine motor and normal developmental milestones (no developmental delays)

22
Q

What tests identify functional OMD?

A

normal ability on Maples NSUCO, minimal body movement, possibility for head movement, poor accuracy

23
Q

What does functional OMD therapy entail?

A

begin therapy working with fixation, move to saccades, then pursuits, monocular –> bi-ocular–> binocular, large saccades –> small saccades, small pursuits –> large pursuits

24
Q

What is the goal of functional OMD therapy?

A

to make oculomotor function more efficient; less cognitive energy on tracking means more energy can be spent on the task at hand

25
Q

What are eyes only saccades?

A

saccades smaller than 30 degrees

26
Q

What do saccades greater than 30 degrees involve?

A

associated head/torso/body movements

27
Q

What is the basic order of oculomotor therapy?

A

large to small saccades, fewer targets to more targets, small to large pursuits

28
Q

What comes first, accuracy or speed?

A

accuracy

29
Q

What happens after working on accuracy?

A

eliminate head and body movement, enhance speed and length of activity

30
Q

What is higher level oculomotor therapy?

A

accuracy of fine movements, increased visual span

31
Q

What is the goal for body movement in oculomotor therapy?

A

decrease body movement to allow eyes to move free of the rest of the body

32
Q

Fixations…

A

eyes steady, body steady, head steady

33
Q

Saccades and pursuits…

A

no body movement/swaying, no motor overflow, only eyes are moving

34
Q

What are three strategies to provide awareness of body movement to the patient?

A

mirror, therapist feedback (verbal or physical), and phone apps

35
Q

What is the goal for head movements?

A

decrease head/neck movement to allow eyes to move free of the head/body

36
Q

How can you provide feedback to the patient for head movement?

A

kinesthetic (bean bag on head, balance board), visual (mirror), auditory (therapist reminders and biofeedback

37
Q

What is the goal for speed?

A

improve the speed with which the patient can perform saccades and pursuits, but stay accurate while quick (as appropriate)

38
Q

What are tips for improving speed?

A

use a metronome, start slower then increase speed, DO NOT compromise accuracy for speed!, remind patient to be aware of blur, diplopia, skipping words etc

39
Q

How do you make oculomotor therapy easier?

A

isolate the target, allow the patient to touch the target, larger target, slower target, decreased time on task

40
Q

How do you make oculomotor therapy harder?

A

more targets, smaller spacing between targets, do not allow patient to use finger, smaller targets, faster targets, increased time on task

41
Q

What must you identify for saccades?

A

must be able to identify beginning and ending points and have to get there accurately

42
Q

What are reading implications for saccades?

A

must know where the eyes are currently fixation and must have attention window large enough to place next saccade accurately

43
Q

What are intermediate activities?

A

chalkboard double Os, circle/line jumping, bead stringing, block stacking, slap tap, rotator circles, rotator tees

44
Q

What are fine motor activities?

A

drawing/coloring, line tracing, mazes, letter tracking, puzzles

45
Q

T/F you should spread out your activities over the major visual skills

A

true, accommodative, oculomotor, gross motor

46
Q

T/F do mostly binocular first

A

false, monocular

47
Q

T/F you should take the patient’s age into account

A

true

48
Q

T/F you need to leave time to talk to parents and explain home activities

A

true, just don’t give a new activity for home reinforcement

Vision Therapy (21 decks)

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