Visual and auditory perception

Question 1

Gestalt laws- SOCS

Answer 1

1. proximity
2. closure
3. continuity
4. similarity
5. common fate-things moving together as one object

Question 2

Global processing

Answer 2

• according to gestalt laws global processing occurs before local processing of components
• the whole is different from the sum of its parts
• basically you see the whole object first

Question 3

Depth perception

Answer 3

-depends on pictorial and non-pictorial primary cues

Question 4

Non-pictoral cues

Answer 4

• generally binocular
  1. retinal image disparity
  2. stereopsis
  3. accomodation (monocular)
  4. convergence

Question 5

Pictoral cues

Answer 5

• secondary
• mainly monocular elements
  1. size
  2. brightness
  3. superimpostition
  4. texture
  5. linear perspective (rail lines converge in the distance)
  6. aerial perspective (colour- blue mountains are far away)

Question 6

Visual cliff

Answer 6

• apparatus used to test an infant’s depth perception

- after the age of 6 months the child will not venture onto deep side

Question 7

Perceptual constancy

Answer 7

• ability to perceive objects is the same despite varied angles/inputs
• we see the following characteristics as constant following our first look at it
  1. size
  2. shape
  3. location
  4. brightness

Question 8

Autokinesis

Answer 8

• if light is shown from a small, dim and fixed light source for an extended period of time in a dark room it will appear as if it is moving
  e. g UFOs

Question 9

Phi phenomenon

Answer 9

• Max Wertheimer

- illusion of movement is caused by flashing images

Question 10

3 Theories of perception

Answer 10

1. Bottom up
2. Top down
3. Perceptual set

Question 11

Bottom up theory

Answer 11

• Gestalt
• theory that perception is data driven
• we piece together data to create systems, subsystems and emergent systems

Question 12

Top down theory

Answer 12

• Gregory’s constructionist theory
• images are sketchy and do not explain full perception
• perception is information being used for a hypothesis
• Muller Lyer lines: >—< is the same length as

Question 13

Perceptual set

Answer 13

-readiness to perceive selective features as an object

Question 14

Innate visual processes

Answer 14

• scanning, tracking, fixating, figure-ground discrimination

- all present from birth

Question 15

Learnt visual processes

Answer 15

• size constancy
• shape constancy
• depth perception
• shape discrimination

Question 16

Vision at birth-2 months

Answer 16

• poor acuity
• can see brightness
• focus is 20cm

Question 17

2-4 months

Answer 17

• depth perception is apparent

Question 18

4 months +

Answer 18

-accommodation and colour vision

Question 19

6 months

Answer 19

-6:6 vision achieved