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CDRS Exam > Vision/visual Perception > Flashcards

Vision/visual Perception Flashcards

1
Q

Visual acuity red flags (clinical testing)

A

eyes together should have better or same acuity as eyes separately

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2
Q

Poor driving maneuvers seen with impaired visual fields

A
  1. drifting over lane markings to side of impairment
  2. Missing important environmental cues on impaired Side
  3. Missing turning lanes or not seeing vehicles passing
  4. Limited use of side mirrors
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3
Q

Medical conditions that impact visual fields

A

Homonymus visual field loss
glaucoma
Cataracts
DM
Retinopathy
Macular degeneration

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4
Q

Normal visual field @ 20 mph

A

104 degrees

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5
Q

Normal visual field @ 40 mph

A

70 degrees

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6
Q

Normal visual field @ 60 mph

A

degrees 40

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7
Q

What are amber vision shields used for

A

To adapt to low contrast sensitivity impairment

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8
Q

Visual performance concerns with cataracts

A

Visual acuity
Contrast sensitivity
Depth perception
Glare recovery
Visual field sensitivity

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9
Q

Visual performance concerns with macular degeneration

A

Visual acuity
Visual field
Quadrant vision
Scanning and visual perceptual skills
Contrast sensitivity

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10
Q

Visual performance concerns with glaucoma

A

Visual field
Contrast sensitivity
visual acuity

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11
Q

Visual performance concerns with dementia

A

Ocular ROM
Visual field
Contrast sensitivity
Scanning
Visual processing speed And visual perceptual skills
Convergence and for depth perception

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12
Q

Visual performance concerns with cva/tia

A

Ocular Rom
Convergence
Visual field
Quadrant vision
Saccades and pursuit’s
Scanning
Visual processing speed and visual perceptual skills

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13
Q

Visual performance concerns with Parkinson’s

A

Visual field
Contrast sensitivity
Scanning
Visual processing speed and visual perceptual skills
Convergence and for depth perception

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14
Q

Visual performance concerns with Cp

A

Ocular Rom
Saccades/pursuits
Convergence
Depth perception
Visual perceptual skills
Scanning
Processing

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15
Q

Clock drawing test

A

Screens long-term memory, short-term memory, visual perception, visuospatial skills, selective attention, abstract thinking, executive skills

65+ years

Score of 6-7 = pass
Score if 5= questionable
Score if 4 or less = fail

Errors are considered abnormal and linked to increased crash risk

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16
Q

Maze test

A

Purpose is to screen driving for older adults with mci or early dementia

Screens visual perception,visuospatial skills, abstract thinking, executive skills (planning and foresight)

Older adults

Timed out at 3 minutes

61 seconds or longer with/without errors = not safe to drive
60 seconds or less, 2+ errors = not safe
60 seconds or less, 0-1 errors = has those skills needed for driving

Document:
Was maze completed
Time in seconds
# of errors

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17
Q

Trails A and B

A

Working memory, visual processings, visuospatial skills, selective and divided attention, psychomotor coordination, sequencing, visual scanning, visual motor coordination

Document %ile and time

B should be within 3 minutes and less than 3 errors

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18
Q

Mvpt

A

Figure ground, spatial orientation, visual memory, visual closure, processing speed

3+ years old

3+ errors on visual closer = 3.75x greater chance of at fault crash
5 errors on visual closure = 5 c greater chance of at fault crash

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19
Q

Ot- Driver off road assessment battery

A

Sensory, physical, cognitive-perceptual and behavioral skills

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20
Q

Weschler digit symbol test (revised)

A

Visual perception, motor and mental processing speed, visual motor coordination, short term memory, visual incidental learning

Strong predictor of crash risk with MS

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21
Q

Symbol digit modalities test (SDMT)

A

Attention, visual scanning, motor speed

Mixed conclusions in research regarding predictability of driving outcomes

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22
Q

Letter or number cancellation

A

Visual attention and scanning

May be helpful to identify risk in older adults

Less than 2 missed = satisfactory
More than 2 missed = unsatisfactory

Document errors, time (concern if >5 minutes), pattern, etc

23
Q

Cognitive linguistics quick test (QLQT)

A

Attention, memory, executive function, language, visuospatial skills

No direct link to driving performance

24
Q

Visual search skills for driving

A

App to use in clinic to help find critical info only

25
Drive safe drive aware
Clinical assessment tool Gives pass/fail score
26
UFOV
Visual processing speed, divided attention, selective attention Score 1-5 = low risk 5 = high risk Not valid with vision worse than 20/70 or visual field deficits
27
Vision coach
Find and touch light Visual scanning, visual processing, visual motor response
28
Dynavision
Helpful with visual field loss to determine processing speed, impact from impairment and overall accommodation
29
Night time fatality rate compared to day time
2.5-3x
30
Glare recovery scores
Good: 2-5 seconds Poor: 6+ seconds
31
Good visual lead time
12-14 seconds
32
Driving skill difficulties observed with impairment in spatial relationships
Left and right neglect difficulty on angles and curves Judging objects Too wide or short turns/hitting curbs
33
Signs of ocular fatigue
Blurry, watery, or itchy eyes
34
Medical conditions that impact glare recovery
Cataracts Diabetic retinopathy
35
On the road challenges with impaired contrast sensitivity
Difficulty finding curbs Changes in road surface (I.e. wet or icy) Gradient changes Delayed reaction time
36
On the road challenges with impaired convergence/divergence
Misjudging an approaching object/object moving away
37
UFOV decline with impairment in processing speed
50%
38
UFOV decline with impairment in processing speed and sensitivity to distraction (impaired attn)
80%
39
UFOV decline with impairment in processing speed, sustained attention, and divided attention
90%
40
Age for UFOV research with driving
55+ years
41
Visual reaction differential response
Measures attn, concentration, and reaction time Uses computer and joystick Looks at each visual quadrant
42
Visual reaction differential response- reversed
Same on vrdr except moving joystick the opposite way Assesses atttn, concentration, reaction time, dynamic cognitive processing, and decision making Uses radio as a distracter
43
Visual reaction differential response II
Quick decision making, attn, concentration, reaction time
44
Visual scanning III
Assesses Attention shifting
45
Wechler adult intelligence scale- revised picture completion
Concentration, visual alertness, visual scanning, attn to detail, ability to differentiate essential from non-essential details
46
Normal age related changes to eyes/vision
Decreased pupil size and 1/3 of light getting to eyes Fewer cells in retina and optic pathways lead to less contrast and details Lens hardens leads to less accommodation/near sightedness(presbyopia) Sclera yellows Decreased depth perception Decreased visual acuity Increased glare Altered color perception (blue/violet look more like green)
47
Vision at age 50
Good far acuity Decreased near acuity More sensitivity to glare Decreased depth perception
48
Vision at age 60
Slight decrease in far acuity Decreased ability to distinguish blues and greens
49
Vision age 70
Diminished peripheral vision Decreased night vision Longer glare recovery
50
Other functional impacts of glaucoma and crash risk
Increased risk of falls (due to meds for glaucoma) Males are 1.7x more likely to crash
51
Legally blind definition
20/200 or less with correction
52
Blind by loss of visual fields
Visual field in better seeing eye <20* Even if visual acuity is better than 20/200
53
Visual disturbances caused by TBI
Accommodation Change in visual field Occulomotor dysfunction Binocular disorders Visual information processing disorder

CDRS Exam (16 decks)

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