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CDRS Exam > Vision/visual Perception > Flashcards

Vision/visual Perception Flashcards

1
Q

Visual acuity red flags (clinical testing)

A

eyes together should have better or same acuity as eyes separately

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2
Q

Poor driving maneuvers seen with impaired visual fields

A
  1. drifting over lane markings to side of impairment
  2. Missing important environmental cues on impaired Side
  3. Missing turning lanes or not seeing vehicles passing
  4. Limited use of side mirrors
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3
Q

Medical conditions that impact visual fields

A

Homonymus visual field loss
glaucoma
Cataracts
DM
Retinopathy
Macular degeneration

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4
Q

Normal visual field @ 20 mph

A

104 degrees

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5
Q

Normal visual field @ 40 mph

A

70 degrees

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6
Q

Normal visual field @ 60 mph

A

degrees 40

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7
Q

What are amber vision shields used for

A

To adapt to low contrast sensitivity impairment

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8
Q

Visual performance concerns with cataracts

A

Visual acuity
Contrast sensitivity
Depth perception
Glare recovery
Visual field sensitivity

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9
Q

Visual performance concerns with macular degeneration

A

Visual acuity
Visual field
Quadrant vision
Scanning and visual perceptual skills
Contrast sensitivity

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10
Q

Visual performance concerns with glaucoma

A

Visual field
Contrast sensitivity
visual acuity

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11
Q

Visual performance concerns with dementia

A

Ocular ROM
Visual field
Contrast sensitivity
Scanning
Visual processing speed And visual perceptual skills
Convergence and for depth perception

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12
Q

Visual performance concerns with cva/tia

A

Ocular Rom
Convergence
Visual field
Quadrant vision
Saccades and pursuit’s
Scanning
Visual processing speed and visual perceptual skills

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13
Q

Visual performance concerns with Parkinson’s

A

Visual field
Contrast sensitivity
Scanning
Visual processing speed and visual perceptual skills
Convergence and for depth perception

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14
Q

Visual performance concerns with Cp

A

Ocular Rom
Saccades/pursuits
Convergence
Depth perception
Visual perceptual skills
Scanning
Processing

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15
Q

Clock drawing test

A

Screens long-term memory, short-term memory, visual perception, visuospatial skills, selective attention, abstract thinking, executive skills

65+ years

Score of 6-7 = pass
Score if 5= questionable
Score if 4 or less = fail

Errors are considered abnormal and linked to increased crash risk

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16
Q

Maze test

A

Purpose is to screen driving for older adults with mci or early dementia

Screens visual perception,visuospatial skills, abstract thinking, executive skills (planning and foresight)

Older adults

Timed out at 3 minutes

61 seconds or longer with/without errors = not safe to drive
60 seconds or less, 2+ errors = not safe
60 seconds or less, 0-1 errors = has those skills needed for driving

Document:
Was maze completed
Time in seconds
# of errors

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17
Q

Trails A and B

A

Working memory, visual processings, visuospatial skills, selective and divided attention, psychomotor coordination, sequencing, visual scanning, visual motor coordination

Document %ile and time

B should be within 3 minutes and less than 3 errors

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18
Q

Mvpt

A

Figure ground, spatial orientation, visual memory, visual closure, processing speed

3+ years old

3+ errors on visual closer = 3.75x greater chance of at fault crash
5 errors on visual closure = 5 c greater chance of at fault crash

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19
Q

Ot- Driver off road assessment battery

A

Sensory, physical, cognitive-perceptual and behavioral skills

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20
Q

Weschler digit symbol test (revised)

A

Visual perception, motor and mental processing speed, visual motor coordination, short term memory, visual incidental learning

Strong predictor of crash risk with MS

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21
Q

Symbol digit modalities test (SDMT)

A

Attention, visual scanning, motor speed

Mixed conclusions in research regarding predictability of driving outcomes

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22
Q

Letter or number cancellation

A

Visual attention and scanning

May be helpful to identify risk in older adults

Less than 2 missed = satisfactory
More than 2 missed = unsatisfactory

Document errors, time (concern if >5 minutes), pattern, etc

23
Q

Cognitive linguistics quick test (QLQT)

A

Attention, memory, executive function, language, visuospatial skills

No direct link to driving performance

24
Q

Visual search skills for driving

A

App to use in clinic to help find critical info only

25
Q

Drive safe drive aware

A

Clinical assessment tool

Gives pass/fail score

26
Q

UFOV

A

Visual processing speed, divided attention, selective attention

Score 1-5 = low risk
5 = high risk

Not valid with vision worse than 20/70 or visual field deficits

27
Q

Vision coach

A

Find and touch light

Visual scanning, visual processing, visual motor response

28
Q

Dynavision

A

Helpful with visual field loss to determine processing speed, impact from impairment and overall accommodation

29
Q

Night time fatality rate compared to day time

A

2.5-3x

30
Q

Glare recovery scores

A

Good: 2-5 seconds
Poor: 6+ seconds

31
Q

Good visual lead time

A

12-14 seconds

32
Q

Driving skill difficulties observed with impairment in spatial relationships

A

Left and right neglect
difficulty on angles and curves
Judging objects
Too wide or short turns/hitting curbs

33
Q

Signs of ocular fatigue

A

Blurry, watery, or itchy eyes

34
Q

Medical conditions that impact glare recovery

A

Cataracts
Diabetic retinopathy

35
Q

On the road challenges with impaired contrast sensitivity

A

Difficulty finding curbs
Changes in road surface (I.e. wet or icy)
Gradient changes
Delayed reaction time

36
Q

On the road challenges with impaired convergence/divergence

A

Misjudging an approaching object/object moving away

37
Q

UFOV decline with impairment in processing speed

A

50%

38
Q

UFOV decline with impairment in processing speed and sensitivity to distraction (impaired attn)

A

80%

39
Q

UFOV decline with impairment in processing speed, sustained attention, and divided attention

A

90%

40
Q

Age for UFOV research with driving

A

55+ years

41
Q

Visual reaction differential response

A

Measures attn, concentration, and reaction time
Uses computer and joystick
Looks at each visual quadrant

42
Q

Visual reaction differential response- reversed

A

Same on vrdr except moving joystick the opposite way
Assesses atttn, concentration, reaction time, dynamic cognitive processing, and decision making
Uses radio as a distracter

43
Q

Visual reaction differential response II

A

Quick decision making, attn, concentration, reaction time

44
Q

Visual scanning III

A

Assesses Attention shifting

45
Q

Wechler adult intelligence scale- revised picture completion

A

Concentration, visual alertness, visual scanning, attn to detail, ability to differentiate essential from non-essential details

46
Q

Normal age related changes to eyes/vision

A

Decreased pupil size and 1/3 of light getting to eyes
Fewer cells in retina and optic pathways lead to less contrast and details
Lens hardens leads to less accommodation/near sightedness(presbyopia)
Sclera yellows
Decreased depth perception
Decreased visual acuity
Increased glare
Altered color perception (blue/violet look more like green)

47
Q

Vision at age 50

A

Good far acuity
Decreased near acuity
More sensitivity to glare
Decreased depth perception

48
Q

Vision at age 60

A

Slight decrease in far acuity
Decreased ability to distinguish blues and greens

49
Q

Vision age 70

A

Diminished peripheral vision
Decreased night vision
Longer glare recovery

50
Q

Other functional impacts of glaucoma and crash risk

A

Increased risk of falls (due to meds for glaucoma)

Males are 1.7x more likely to crash

51
Q

Legally blind definition

A

20/200 or less with correction

52
Q

Blind by loss of visual fields

A

Visual field in better seeing eye <20*
Even if visual acuity is better than 20/200

53
Q

Visual disturbances caused by TBI

A

Accommodation
Change in visual field
Occulomotor dysfunction
Binocular disorders
Visual information processing disorder

CDRS Exam (16 decks)

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