Cdrs Flashcards From Study Guide
1
Q
Common side effect of diabetes that may make driving with OEM pedals dangerous
A
-peripheral neuropathy
2
Q
An abbreviation for motor vehicle accident
A
Mva
3
Q
What is the more common term for CVA
A
Stroke
4
Q
An artificial device used to replace a missing body part, such as a limb
A
Prosthesis
5
Q
The ability to smoothly visually follow objects in space, maintaining fixation in all directions while the head is held steady
A
Pursuit movements
6
Q
Which side of the body does the brain’s right hemisphere control
A
Left
7
Q
What is a possible funding source for a 26 year old who has had a SCI and would like to return to work?
A
Vocational rehab
8
Q
The removal of a limb by trauma, medical illness, or surgery
A
Amputation
9
Q
An abbreviation for health insurance portability and accountability act
A
HIPAA
10
Q
An abbreviation for Rehabilitation Engineering and assistive technology society of America
A
Resna
11
Q
A manual or power wheelchair, scooter, or ambulation aid that facilitates indoor and outdoor personal mobility
A
Mobility device or aid
12
Q
This diagnosis occurs when the neural tube doesn’t close all the way; the backbone that protects the spinal cord doesn’t form and close as it should
A
Spina bifida
13
Q
Which lobe of the brain is responsible for executive function skills
A
Frontal lobe
14
Q
A machine that can be used to evaluate many visual skills, including acuity, depth perception, visual fields, and road sign knowledge
A
Optec
15
Q
A term for client’s signed permission to obtain and release medical information
A
Informed consent
16
Q
Time it takes for client to move from the gas to the brake in response to a stimulus
A
Reaction time
17
Q
Cognitive ability that includes knowing your name and the current date
A
Orientation
18
Q
An injury that causes loss of muscle use and sensation below the level of the injury
A
Sci
19
Q
What agency dictates whether a client can drive with homonymous hemianopsia
A
State dmv/mva
20
Q
A diagnosis that is likely to worsen over time
A
Progressive disability
21
Q
If a person has language deficits, which side of the brain was most likely affected
A
Left
22
Q
What main function does the brain’s occipital lobe control
A
Vision
23
Q
An agency that provides financial assistance to clients with disabilities that have a goal to return to work or begin working
A
Vocational rehab
24
Q
An individual who has obtained the necessary knowledge base and experience in the field of driver rehabilitation and who successfully obtained and maintained certification requirements set forth by the association for driver rehabilitation specialists (ADED)
A
Cdrs
25
Sufficient cervical and thoracic ROM is required to perform this driving task
Traffic checks
26
A group of genetic diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement
Muscular dystrophy
27
A document that defines types of driving programs and services
Spectrum of driving services
28
Where would you determine what adaptive equipment is required for a client with a right foot amputation in your state
DMV regulations
29
What piece of equipment is used to determine how fast a client can move from the gas to the brake?
Reaction time tester
30
An injury to the brain that is not hereditary, congenital, degenerative, or caused by trauma at birth
Acquired brain injury
31
Short stature that results from a genetic or medical condition
Dwarfism
32
What is the term for the act that requires medical information to remain private
HIPAA
33
A person whose close relationship with an individual affects that individual’s behavior and attitudes. Usually a family member, spouse, child, employer, coworker, friend, or lover.
Significant other
34
A neurodegenerative disorder that affects predominantly dopamine producing neurons in the substantia nigra
Parkinson’s
35
What information should be included on an MD referral to driver rehab
-diagnosis, seizure history, medications
36
Visual perception of depth
Stereopsis
37
The ability to move the eyes together toward the nose
Convergence
38
Hyperactivity, impulsivity, and distractibilty are common traits of what disorder
ADHD
39
Which part of the brain is most responsible for balance
Cerebellum
40
Friedrich’s ataxia is a form of what larger category of diseases
Muscular dystrophy
41
Cognitive ability that includes judgement and problem solving
Executive function
42
The ability to quickly and accurately shift visual focus between two targets while the head is held steady
Saccadic eye movement
43
An abbreviation for continuing education units
Ceu
44
An abbreviation for National Mobility Equipment Dealers Association
Nmeda
45
What is a reasonable time limit for effective parallel parking
3 minutes
46
The ability to coordination multiple areas of the brain to achieve a desired outcome, such as solving novel problems, changing actions based on previous behavior, developing strategies, and sequencing a series of complex tasks
Executive function
47
A concomitant, but unrelated pathological or disease process comorbidity
Comorbidities
48
Wall-eyes. Eye misalignment in which one eye deviates outward (away from the nose) while the other fixates normally
Exotropia
49
A reserve or substitute source of energy in the event of failure in the primary equipment
Backup system
50
What is the most common equipment recommendation for a client with lower extremity peripheral neuropathy
Hand controls with steering device
51
A steering input device using a single upright post, completely moveable in multi axis, to control primary vehicle functions
Joystick controls
52
International standard that specifies design and performance requirements for wheelchair tie down and occupant restraint systems (WTORS)
ISO 10542
53
A steering wheel device with a curved oval shape that fits around the hand of the driver and allows for steering with hand in pronated plane
Cuff
54
Optical defect in an accommodating eye; parallel light rays are not brought to a sharp focus precisely on the retina, producing a blurred retinal image. Can be corrected by eye glasses, contact lenses, or refractive surgery.
Refractive error
55
An abbreviation for U.S. federal motor vehicle safety standards
Fmvss
56
Strap or webbing designed to secure a person in a motor vehicle
Seat belt
57
A device installed in a a motor vehicle to prevent access to the accelerator pedal and/or brake pedal.
Pedal guard
58
Assists with VOR, but responds also to slowly moving objects
-cervico-ocular reflex (COR)
59
An abbreviation for short term memory
STM
60
Drooping of upper eyelid. May be congenital or caused by paralysis or weakness of the 3rd cranial nerve or sympathetic nerves, or by excessive weight of the upper lids
Ptosis
61
A device that attaches to the OEM gear selector and offers additional leverage for shifter operation
Gear shift extension
62
A component used to support a person in a desired position but that is not usually intended to provide occupant restraint during vehicle impact
Postural support
63
May perform in depth cognitive/visual perceptual testing
Neuropsychologist
64
What test is used to determine if protective sensation is present in a driver’s foot
-semmes weinstien monofilament
65
Specialists in the neural components of vision function
Neurotypical ophthalmologist
66
What adaptive equipment might be necessary for a driver with right hemiparesis to access the gas and brake.
Left foot accelerator
67
Cross eyes. Misalignment in which one eye deviates inward toward nose while the other fixates normally
Esotropia
68
Assessment modality for the strength of a muscle through manual evaluation. Rating is done by moving the involved part through its full ROM against gravity and then against gravity with resistance.
Mmt
69
A steering device used for a driver who steers with a prosthetic upper extremity
Amputee ring
70
A complete set of safety equipment for use by wheelchair seated occupants of motor vehicles comprised of equipment for securing the wheelchair to the vehicle and equipment for keeping the wheelchair occupant in the wheelchair seat and limiting occupant movement during emergency vehicle manuevers and crash events (RESNA)
WTORS (Wheechair tiedowns and occupant restraint systems)
71
Train in the use of adaptive equipment, such as microscopes, magnifiers, telescopes, CCTV, as well as adaptations for self-care and home management. While familiar with some basic O and M, they are not sufficiently trained to teach these skills
Certified low vision therapist(clvt)
72
Teach self-care, home management, work, and leisure skills, including adaptive equipment and assistive technology. They are also trained to respond to the psychological aspects of illness and independence
Ot
73
The controls of the vehicle governing movement and direction (i.e. accelerating, braking, and steering)
Primary controls
74
Professional who makes and adjusts optical aids e.g. eyeglass lenses, from refraction prescriptions supplied by an ophthalmologists or optometrists
Optician
75
An electronically powered base mounted between the floor of the vehicle and OEM or aftermarket seat. The base may be moved in a combination of needed directions.
Power seat base
76
The ability and degree to which a client can recognize detail at various distances
Visual acuity
77
Whenever there is a wheelchair in a vehicle what must also be included in the equipment recommendations
W/c lock downs
78
A system requiring less force for operation than a low effort steering system. While it is recognized that no system is actually “zero” effort, this is the term commonly used in the adaptive automotive industry to refer to systems requiring the least amount of effort to turn the steering wheel.
-zero effort steering or no effort steering system
79
The unconscious perception of movement and spatial orientation arising from stimuli within the body itself. In humans, these stimuli are detected by nerves within the body itself, as well as by the semicircular canals of the inner ear.
Proprioception
80
What is one possible recommendation for a client who did fine at low speeds, but had trouble on the highway.
Pass with restrictions
81
A device by which design will improve both grip and turning leverage for keys.
-adaptive key holder or quad key
82
Train people to negotiate their environment using senses other than sight, and training with guide dogs. This is a highly specialized field, requiring a master’s degree. O&M instructors have to certify that their client is safe to negotiate all relevant environments safely.
-orientation and mobility instructors
83
A device which uses power from an energy source of the vehicle to supplement the force and motions made by the driver to control acceleration, velocity, and braking of a vehicle.
Powered gas and brake system
84
Nearsightedness refers to the focal point of the eye falling in front of the retina. The axial length of the eye in this case in longer than the hyperopic or emmetropic eye. Since the eye cannot adjust itself to this condition, such as by changing the shape of the lens, the most effective method of correction, without medical intervention, is to move closer to the object.
Myopia
85
An alteration of substitution of an oem vehicle roof to provide greater headroom.
Raised roof
86
Holds both eyes on rapidly moving object when the head is moving in the opposite direction.
-vestibular optic reflex (VOR)
87
The area through which a joint may normally be freely and painlessly moved.
ROM
88
Provide education in the use of adaptive devices for self-care and home-management, assistive devices such as CCTV, and braille instruction
-rehabilitation teachers (RT)
89
The ability to perceive objects that are the same color as their background is what visual perceptual skill?
-figure ground
90
Relating to or causing movements of the eyeball
Oculomotor
91
Commonly found on lowered floor minivans. Allows a lower floor to ground height, thus decreasing the angle of the ramp entry system.
-kneeling system
92
A steering device designed for a specific application of a driver.
-custom steering device
93
A modification to the OEM power braking system to lower the amount of effort required to brake a vehicle approximately 75-95%.
-zero effort braking
94
The value specified by the manufacturer as the maximum weight allowance when a fully loaded vehicle (all occupants, all cargo, full fuel tank, etc.) is weighed.
-gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR)
95
An abbreviation for behind the wheel
Btw
96
A modification to the OEM power brake system that reduces pedal effort. This term includes both low effort braking systems and no effort braking systems.
-reduced effort
97
Can diagnose and treat most “data collection” deficits with corrective lenses, hopefully achieving a best correct acuity of 20/20. Other treatment options include filters to reduce light and glare. Some optometrists are involved in vision therapy exercises to promote improved accommodation and extra-occular muscle control.
-
optometrists
98
Quality assurance program (NMEDA)
-
QAP
99
Who should receive copies of the report summarizing the driving education (if applicable)
-funding source, referring MD, driver licensing agency, vehicle modifier, insurance company
100
Device mounted to the brake and/or accelerator for use by a short stature driver
-pedal extensions
101
These are all other devices or modifications that do not meet the definition of high technology devices or modifications
-low tech
102
A permanently mounted brake on the passenger side of the vehicle
-instructor brake
103
A system requiring less effort for operation than factor installed equipment, but more effort than a zero effort steering system
-low effort steering system
104
A steering wheel device with knob type grip
-
knob
105
What are some “critical errors’ that would lead to a recommendation of “fail” on a behind the wheel evaluation?
-
accident, failed to fasten seatbelt, driving in improper lane, excessive speed, use of cell phone, passed a stop sign
106
Area of the visual field within which a target can be detected
-functional field of view
107
A parent or other licensed driver explaining what they are doing while driving to a novice driver
-commentary driving
108
A condition in which the visual image is blurred or distorted, both at near and far distances, due to a misshapen eye or cornea, which causes the image to be focused onto the retina at two points.
-
astigmatism
109
Test to determine an eye’s refractive error and the best corrective lens to be prescribed. Series of lenses in graded powers are presented to determine which provide sharpest, clearest vision.
-
refraction
110
A steering wheel device with two vertical pins to stabilize the hand of the driver.
-U or V grip
111
Test chart used for assessing visual acuity. Contains rows of letters, numbers, or symbols in standardized graded sizes, with a designated distance at which each row should be legible to a normal eye. Usually tested at 20 feet.
-snellen chart
112
Controls that do not need to be operated when the vehicle is in motion, but do need to be accessible to the driver. Examples include: ignition, shifter, heat and air conditioning controls
-tertiary controls (aka non-rapid access secondary controls or mode b and c secondary controls
113
An apparatus attached to the vehicle steering wheel to aid in turning the steering wheel.
-steering device
114
Inflammation of the eyelids, usually with redness, swelling, and itching
-
blepharitis
115
An alteration that lowers certain portions of the vehicle floor to facilitate access, vision, positioning and/or increase headroom.
-lowered floor
116
Any individual or business that installs equipment or modifies vehicles for use by people with disabilities as a driver and/or passenger.
-mobility equipment dealer
117
An abbreviation for national highway traffic safety administration
-
NHTSA
118
The ability to change the shape of the lens, in order to focus on an object
-
accomodation
119
Refers to misalignment of the eyes
-
strabismus
120
Diagnose and treat medical conditions, including medications and surgical interventions
-
ophthalmologists
121
A modification to bring the steering wheel closer to the driver
-extended steering column
122
Behind the wheel assessment or training conducted in an area of no traffic, such as a parking lot
-closed course
123
A vehicle manufacturer who performs all manufacturing operations on a motor vehicle up to the point that the vehicle is certified as complying with all applicable federal motor vehicle standards.
-OEM/original equipment manufacturer
124
Neither included nor available as a component, structure, or system on the OEM vehicle
-
aftermarket
125
The performance or mental processing of two or more stimuli simultaneously
-divided attention
126
The nerve leaving the eye is called the optic nerve. The optic nerve from each eye meets at the optic chiasm, where some of the neurons cross to join the neurons from the opposite eye. This begins the process of “blending” the images from each eye into one image. Once the neurons leave the chiasm they are called optic tracts.
-optic nerve/pathway
127
A seat belt system using a lap belt (type 1 belt)
-two point seat belt
128
Switches regulating the environment of the vehicle (heater, a/c, windows, radio, etc)
-accessory switch controls
129
High technology devices are those that meet the following conditions: 1. Device capable of controlling vehicle functions or driving controls AND 2. Operate with a designed logic system or interface or integrate with an electronic system of the vehicle.
-high technology
130
Changes or additions that allow vehicle access to drivers and passengers with physical disabilities, age related concerns, or both.
-adaptive equipment
131
A locking mechanism, either manual or automatically operated, that is a feature incorporated into the design of some hand controls to restrict operation of the hand controls.
-hand control lock out
132
A seat belt system that incorporates the lap and shoulder belt (type 2 belt)
-3 point seat belt
133
The term describes deficits in receptive or expressive language aftera a stroke
-
aphasia
134
Referred to as “farsightedness” light entering through the lens is refracted, or focused, at a point that is behind the retina. The closer the object the more the lens has to accommodate to bring the focal point correctly onto the retina.
-
hyperopia
135
A system or device for restraining the occupant in a motor vehicle to prevent or minimize contact with the vehicle interior components and prevent ejection during a crash (SAE J2249).
-occupant restraint
136
Equipment on a vehicle that is not needed to run or drive the vehicle and is not required by law. Examples include: stereo system, antenna, fog lights, trailer hitch, third brake light, power seats, a/c system, etc.
-auxiliary equipment
137
A device that attaches to the OEM to signal lever to allow a different location for activation
-turn signal extension
138
Refers to how the brain converts the neural impulses into what we “visualize” and interprets this information. The eyes “see” a series of light wavelengths in a pattern and convert it into electrical impulses; the brain “visualizes” these impulses as the face of a grandchidl.
-
vision
139
Behind the wheel assessment or training conducted on public roads in normal traffic.
-open course
140
A steering device with 3 upright pins to stabilize the hand and wrist of the driver
-
tripin
141
Inspection of equipment to verify installation and appropriate functional fitting and interface with client
-final fitting
142
What are some community mobility options for a client who is deemed not safe to drive
-public transportation, ride share programs, taxi, family members, volunteers from religious communities
143
Controls that are operated while the vehicle is in motion, but do not affect the control of the vehicle i.e. turn signal, highbeams, wipers, horn
-
secondary controls, aka rapid access secondary controls, mode A secondary
144
Blending of the separate images seen by each eye into one composite image
-
binocular vision
145
What does the abbreviation OEM stand for
-original equipment from the manufacturer
146
The ability of the eye to detect various shades of gray or color shades (i.e. nuances)
-contrast sensitivity
147
Visual line of sight
-visual ellipse
148
Name 2 diagnoses for which temperature inside the vehicle is a concern
-MS, SCI
149
6 muscles that move the eyeball (lateral rectus, medial rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique, superior rectus, inferior rectus)
-
extraocular muscles
150
Operated by the resistance offered or the pressure transmitted when a quantity of fluid (oil or water) is forced through a contemporary small orifice or through a tube
-
hydraulic
151
Commonly referred to as “lazy eye”, is not actually a condition of the eye itself, but a result of uncorrected refractive error or other detectable eye condition. In other words, it is not an optical problem, but a neuro-physical issue, caused by an untreated condition
-
amblyopia
152
A device to operate the accelerator and/or brake on a vehicle manually, using the driver’s hand rather than the driver’s foot. Can be either column mounted or floor mounted.
-
hand controls
153
A device installed in a motor vehicle to the left of the brake pedal to allow the operation of the accelerator pedal by the left foot of the driver.
-left foot accelerator
154
Caused by the decreased ability to change the shape of the lens to focus on an object. This usually begins shortly after one reaches 40...eventually we lose this ability all together and need correction for near and distant viewing.
-
presbyopia
155
The practice of administering tests and examinations in a clinic. The term is used to differentiate this evaluation method from the on-road (behind the wheel evaluation)
-clinical assessment
156
Exercises a client performs as a passenger while someone else is driving
-active passenger activities
157
Can provide information and act as a referral source for services available to the blind and visually impaired.
-social workers
158
An alteration to the OEM structure of the vehicle usually to facilitate access and/or headroom. Examples include: lowered floor, raised roof, raised door
-structural modifications
159
Degenerative corneal disease affecting vision. Characterized by generalized thinning and cone-shaped protrusion of the central cornea, usually in both eyes. Hereditary
-
keratoconus
160
The information gathered by the photoreceptor cells of the retina and the resulting nerve impulses transmitted by the optic neural pathway
-
sight
161
A replacement steering system that allows horizontal reorientation of the steering wheel
-horizontal steering
162
An abbreviation for the international standards organization
Iso
163
Method of charting extent of a stationary eye’s field of vision with test objects of various sizes and light intensities. Aids in detection of damage to sensory visual pathways
-
perimetry
164
A belt system designed to prevent excessive upper torso movement
-chest harness or upper torso positioning belt
165
Abbreviation for canadian motor vehicle safety standard
-
cmvss
166
A steering device that wraps over the top of the hand and allows for steering with hand in pronated plane
-
palm
167
Strap or webbing designed to restrain an occupant’s torso in a motor vehicle by diagonally crossing the torso
-
shoulder belt
168
Control the pupillary reflex, which changes the size of the iris to allow more or less light into the eye
-
autonomic reflexes
169
The absence of refractive error, meaning that the light entering the eye is focused correctly on the retina, without the need for corrective lenses.
-
emmetropia
170
What diagnosis is likely to include a startle reflex and/or ATNR
-cerebral palsy
