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541 > Vision And Visual Perception Heirarchy and stroke > Flashcards

Vision And Visual Perception Heirarchy and stroke Flashcards

1
Q

What is addressed most often in assessments

A

Visual cognition

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2
Q

What is visual cognition

A

complex visual analysis

highest lvl. very complex. ability to integrate and manipulate info wit other info to solve problems and make decisions

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3
Q

What is visual memory

A

mental visual picture

retrieval

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4
Q

What is pattern recognition

A

Used to identify salient features

general and specific features eliminate clutter visually

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5
Q

What is scanning a product of

A

visual atention

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6
Q

what are normal scanning functions

A

left to right
up & down
circular

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7
Q

Scanning is what in nature

A

Reflexive (see something and scan)

Cortex (planned to look for something)

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8
Q

What are the two kinds of visual attention

A

Focal attention- detail

Ambient attention- peripheral

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9
Q

What does a right cva result in

A

inattention

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10
Q

What happens to vision with a left hemisphere lesion

A

not significant inattention to L b/c R compensates

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11
Q

What happens to vision if there is a lesion in the right hemisphere

A

significant inattention to he L

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12
Q

Characteristics of VFD

A 
Abbreviated search
attempts are slower
rescan for accuracy
appropriate time:slower but not abnormally slow 
organize and efficient
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13
Q

Characteristics of inattention

A

Asymmetrical: make no attempt to start on the L
inefficient, random, disorganized
no rescan for accuracy
fast
task specific: doesn’t carry anything over to a specific task

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14
Q

Assessments for attention/scanning

A 
Clinical ops
Bivaba scanboard
BIT
Line discretion 
draw a flower test
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15
Q

interventions for attention and scanning

A

functional tasks using search and scan
patching 1/2 of the R visual field to to facilitate attention to the L
Mirror therapy
videotape performance

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16
Q

VFD’S cause what

A

narrow slower search patterns: dangerous for safety/mobility
problems with perceptual completion: brain fills in missing info

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17
Q

assessments for VFD

A

Confrontation testing
campimeter
automated periphery testing

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18
Q

Interventions for VFD

A 
Functional reading and mobility will be impacted the most
teach to reorganize and scan 
broaden visual field 
reinforce w/ sensory
practice in context
emphasize conscious attention to detail
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19
Q

How to teach effective search strategies

A 
Education
Anchoring
adding color or contrast
encouraging self monitoring
placement of items 
(play gaes, do adls, use verbal cues)
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20
Q

What is a stroke

A

a variety of disorders characterized by the sudden onset of neurological deficits caused by vascular injury to the brain
vascular damage to the brain disrupts blood flow and O2 supply to surrounding cells, leading to brain tissue or infarction

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21
Q

What are symptoms and prognosis of the stoke determined by

A

Mechanism- type of stroke
location
extent of lesion- how much damage

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22
Q

Kinds of stroke

A

Ischemic

Hemorrhagic

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23
Q

What does an ischemic stroke result from

A

blockage of a blood vessel

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24
Q

2 ways ischemic stroke can happen

A

Thrombosis- 2 ways stenosis (narrowing of blood vessel) or occlusion
Embolism- dislodged platelets, cholesterol, or other material that travels in bloodstream and blocks a vessel

25
Q

What dos a hemorrhagic stroke result from

A

rupture of blood vessels (hypertension, aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation- snarl tangle of arteries and veins)

26
Q

A hemorrhagic stroke can be either

A

Intracerebral

subarachnoid

27
Q

Which kind of stroke do you see less

A

Hemorrhagic

28
Q

What is the 3rd leading cause of death in the US

A

Stroke

29
Q

If the stroke occurs in the anterior circulation where will you see signs and symptoms

A

hemisphere

30
Q

If the location of the stroke is in the posterior circulation where will you see signs and symptoms

A

brainstem

31
Q

What will you see from a Left CVA

A

R hemiparesis
Aphasia or other communication deficits
Apraxia or motor planning deficits

32
Q

What will you see from a R CVA

A

L hemiparesis
VFD or spatial neglect
poor insight or judgement
impulsive behavior

33
Q

What does recovery from stroke depend on

A

nature and severity
neuroplasticity
spontaneous recovery
neurological and functional recovery

34
Q

What is functional recovery

A

amount of assistance required to carry out daily living tasks
whether stroke survivor can resume function at home

35
Q

What is the course of recovery influenced by

A 
Type
Size
Site
Advanced Age
Severity of coexsisting disease
36
Q

Wha are indicators of good functional outcomes

A

Family support
independence in basic ADL’s
Access to cont. service

37
Q

What are poor functional outcomes influencing recovery

A 
Severe initial motor deficits
poor sitting balance
dependence in ADL
prior stroke (more likely to have another)
Severe visuospatial deficits
Severe cog. impairments
Depression
Severe aphasia 
poor social supports
38
Q

When does the largest % of motor and functional recovery occur

A

in the 1st month after stroke

39
Q

What are influences on the therapists selection of assessments

A

Stages of recovery
setting for treatment
extent of impairment

40
Q

What are the 3 stages of receovery

A
  1. Acute
  2. Rehabilitation
  3. Community reintegration
41
Q

What forms of assessment is more critical in the acute phase

A

One assessing client factors and performance skills

42
Q

What to consider in rehabilitation and community reentry phases

A

Activity demands
contexts
patterns of performance
integration of skills

43
Q

What are practice guidelines to assis in the selection of assessment tools

A

American Heart Association/American Stroke Association (AHA/ASA)
Management of adult stroke rehab care
National institutes of health stroke scale

44
Q

What are 3 assessments used too assess IADLS

A

COPM
Assessment of motor and process skills
Stroke impact scale

45
Q

What are assessments used to assess Self-care

A

Barthel index

Functional independence measure

46
Q

How to assess areas of occupation

A

observation both clinical context and in the home

47
Q

What kind of assessment would you not implement in the acute phase

A

Stroke impact scale

48
Q

What are natural reactions to stroke

A 
Denial
Anxiety
Anger
depression
emotionalism 
emotional lability
49
Q

OT treatment in the acute phase

A

Perform diagnostic tests
appropriate medical treatment
make decisions for next phase of rehab
early immobilization and return to self-care
Lower risk for 2ndary complications (skin care, fall prevention etc)

50
Q

OT treatment in the Rehab phase

A

Focus on patient or family is more on getting better w/ recovery or lost function rather than adapting to life or chronic disability
improve independence in adl

51
Q

Emerging OT treatments

A

Mirror therapy
Virtual reality
Robot assisted therapy
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)

52
Q

When does discharge planning take place

A

throughout the entire process

53
Q

What does discharge planning throughout the whole process result in for client and family

A

Comfortable in decisions made
Capable of maintaining gains and continue progress
Able to monitor changes

54
Q

What can ots help with in discharge planning

A

Identifying appropriate discharge settings
train pt., family, caregiver
arrange for continuity of care

55
Q

Things to do with patient, family, caregiver for education

A

Demonstration
Written instructions
experiential sessions

56
Q

What do most effective home programs do

A

incorporate treatment for component limitations into self care and leisure routines

57
Q

postdischarge continuity of care aspects

A

progress should be evaluated 1 month after return to community
progress should be evaluated at regular intervals throughout the 1st year of recovery

58
Q

Visual processing intervention approaches

A

Adaptive- promotes adaptation of the environment. Used when restoration is unlikely
Restorative-attempts to increase or improve abilities to process and use info
Compensation- used if client isn’t aware they have a problem

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