Motor Control Flashcards
What systems contribute to motor control
Visual
sensory
Vestibular
motor
Where is the cerebellum located
Posterior to the brainstem
What is the cerebellum get input from
The spinal cord
cerebral cortex
sensory systems
What does the cerebellum have a role in
Error detectionable-able to receive info from the body and modify and adjust movement
cognition-predicting prepare functional responses from the environment
What is the role of the basal ganglia
Prepare and execution of movement
visual
muscle tone
initiation of movement
What does a lesion in upper motor neuron result in
Spasticity
Where upper motor neuron’s located
From the brain to the spinal cord
Where are lower motor neuron’s located
From the spinal cord and out
What does a lesion in lower motor neuron’s results in
Flaccidity
What is the newer theory of motor control
Movement is an interaction between individual task and environment
each system influences the other and is dynamic
What is paresis
Motor weakness
Can be mild to severe
Inability to recruit motor units to generate movement
Where does paresis occur
Umn
What is a synergy pattern
Gross patterns of movement that is involuntary
flex or extension
unable to isolate movement
What is normal muscle tone
A continuous state of mild contraction
What does normal muscle Tone do
Allows for coactivation for stabilization
allows for movement against gravity
allows for maintaining position if passively placed
move from stability to mobility
isolation
to respond to passive movement with slight resistance
What can abnormal muscle tone consist of
Flaccidity hypotonicity hypertonicity spasticity clonus hypertonic stretchy reflex rigidity
What is Flaccidity
Absence of tone or no movement
What is hypotonicity
Low tone
What is hypertonicity
Increased tone
occurs within a synergy pattern
reciprocal inhibition-antagonist and agonist muscles keep firing constantly
What is spasticity
Further form of hypertonicity
What are the different kinds of spasticity
Velocity dependent
passive stretch
Clasp knife phenomenon
What is velocity dependence spasticity
Increased resistance to passively lengthened muscle
What is clasp knife phenomenon
Increased tone of flexion and extension with sudden relaxation of muscle
What is clonus
Moderate to severe repetitive contractions in muscle
What is hypertonic stretch reflex
Slow joint movement
present if the muscle is stretched
What are the different kinds of rigidity
Leadpipe
cogwheel
decorticate
Decerebrate
What is lead pipe rigidity
Constant resistance severe rigidly
What is cogwheel rigidity
Catch and release jerky rigidity
What is decorticate rigidity
Stiff posturing with flexed or bent arms clenched fist legs in extension
What is decerebrate rigidity
Extension of upper extremity may include head and neck
What to look for in motor control
Testing position muscle tone sensation posture coordination
What are some treatment methods for motor control
Rood PNF Brunnstrom NDT CIMT
What is motor control
The ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement
