Vision And Visual Pathways In The Brain

Question 1

What is the visual system

Answer 1

The unifying system that integrates all other systems

Question 2

What does the visual system allow us to do

Answer 2

To learn about, interact, and survive in the world

Used to help make decisions social interaction motor control and posture

Question 3

Areas vision is important in

Answer 3

Movement detection 
attentive functions 
communication 
subliminal cues
Eye hand coordination

Question 4

What does vision do in movement detection

Answer 4

Alerts us to pleasure, danger,attention

gives us advanced warning

Question 5

Which fields develop first

Answer 5

Temporal

Question 6

How is the development of vision important for babies

Answer 6

Babies don’t have central vision right away they
only see about 25 cm
mobile should be close to the side

Question 7

How long does it take for central vision and color to develop

Answer 7

2 to 4 months

Question 8

How long does it take for vision to fully myelinate

Answer 8

Two years

Question 9

How long till the visual system fully develops

Answer 9

11 years

Question 10

What are the four A’s in attentive functions in vision

Answer 10

Arouse awake alert attend

Question 11

What percent of our communication is gestures and nonverbal

Answer 11

70

Question 12

What percent of our communication is actual verbal

Answer 12

30

Question 13

What are subliminal cues

Answer 13

Cues with in the environment
unconscious
anticipatory in nature
insight when something doesn’t seem right

Question 14

Effects of visual impairments

Answer 14

Alters quality and amount of input 
decrease speed of processing 
changes and decision making 
changes interactions with people and environment 
Decreased adaptation

Question 15

Causes of visual impairments

Answer 15

CVA 
TBI 
trauma 
MS 
low vision

Question 16

What is sight

Answer 16

Related to function of eyes
related to visual acuity extraocular muscles ocular impairments
OT’s don’t work with site

Question 17

What is vision

Answer 17

The whole visual system and how it works with other systems
ambient and focal vision
OT’s work with this:teach compensatory techniques and ways to improve life

Question 18

What is ambient vision

Answer 18

Where? 
Subliminal 
spatiotemporal
 balance/posture 
 movement detection 
anticipatory 
global awareness

Question 19

What is focal vision

Answer 19

What? 
liminal or conscious 
detailed recognition of objects 
comparisons between things
 processing memory storage 
visual completion 
working memory

Question 20

What is refraction

Answer 20

Bending of light rays from one medium to another

Question 21

What are the four areas of refraction

Answer 21

Cornea
aqueous fluid
lens
Vitreous humor

Question 22

What is myopia

Answer 22

Nearsighted

Question 23

What is hyperopia

Answer 23

Farsighted

Question 24

Characteristics of the rods

Answer 24

None in the fovea
 no color vision 
night vision 
Movement detection 
peripheral or ambient
 130 million in each eye

Question 25

Characteristics of the cones

Answer 25

``` Present in the fovea 6.5 million in each eye central vision color vision high contrast visual object recognition related to focal vision ```

Question 26

What has the highest visual acuity

Answer 26

Fovea

Question 27

What are the four quadrants of the eye

Answer 27

Temporel nasal inferior superior

Question 28

What do the visual fields consist of

Answer 28

``` Fovea macula Paracentral peripheral four quadrants of the eye ```

Question 29

Order of the visual pathway

Answer 29

Optic nerve,optic tract, LGN, superior colliculus, parietal or Temporel loops of the optic radiation (geniculocalcarine tracts), occipital cortex

Question 30

Where does the parietal loop travel to

Answer 30

The frontal lobe

Question 31

What is the parietal loop for

Answer 31

Inferior visual fields

Question 32

What does the frontal lobe do

Answer 32

``` Frontal eye fields Saccades recognition smooth pursuit working memory ```

Question 33

Where do the parietal fibers carry info from

Answer 33

Inferior visual fields

Question 34

Which fibers are the straight fibers

Answer 34

Parietal

Question 35

Which fibers are the curved fibers

Answer 35

Temporel

Question 36

What a temporal fibers carry info from

Answer 36

Superior fields

Question 37

What does the association area do for the parietal loop

Answer 37

``` Where and how movement detection body image where we are in space postural adjustments global awareness ```

Question 38

What Does the association area do for the temporal loop

Answer 38

``` What is it object recognition size shape texture color sequence awareness of detail ```

Question 39

What are the areas of the brain activated in vision

Answer 39

``` Visual cortical centers Geniculate fibers and occipital lobe Temporal circuitry (what) Parietal circuitry (where and how) prefrontal circuitry limbic system ```

Question 40

Order of the visual processing hierarchy from bottom to top

Answer 40

``` Oculomotor control, visual fields, visual acuity attention=alert and attending scanning pattern recognition visual memory Visuocognition adaptation through vision ```

Question 41

What is visual midline shift syndrome

Answer 41

Affects perception of space (shifts persons Midline laterally posteriorly or anteriorly) effects posture while walking don't have visual orientation to space perceive Midline is towards non affect side

Question 42

What causes visual midline shift syndrome

Answer 42

Occurs after a head injury such as TBI or stroke

Question 43

Visual midline shift syndrome is a dysfunction of what kind of vision

Answer 43

Ambient

Question 44

Symptoms of visual midline shift syndrome

Answer 44

Floor tilts to one side floor may move posture shifts to one side may lean forward or back

Question 45

What is The overall function of the brain

Answer 45

To filter, organize, and integrate sensory info so it can be used to make an adaptive response to the environment