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541 > Vision And Visual Pathways In The Brain > Flashcards

Vision And Visual Pathways In The Brain Flashcards

1
Q

What is the visual system

A

The unifying system that integrates all other systems

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2
Q

What does the visual system allow us to do

A

To learn about, interact, and survive in the world

Used to help make decisions social interaction motor control and posture

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3
Q

Areas vision is important in

A 
Movement detection 
attentive functions 
communication 
subliminal cues
Eye hand coordination
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4
Q

What does vision do in movement detection

A

Alerts us to pleasure, danger,attention

gives us advanced warning

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5
Q

Which fields develop first

A

Temporal

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6
Q

How is the development of vision important for babies

A

Babies don’t have central vision right away they
only see about 25 cm
mobile should be close to the side

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7
Q

How long does it take for central vision and color to develop

A

2 to 4 months

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8
Q

How long does it take for vision to fully myelinate

A

Two years

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9
Q

How long till the visual system fully develops

A

11 years

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10
Q

What are the four A’s in attentive functions in vision

A

Arouse awake alert attend

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11
Q

What percent of our communication is gestures and nonverbal

A

70

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12
Q

What percent of our communication is actual verbal

A

30

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13
Q

What are subliminal cues

A

Cues with in the environment
unconscious
anticipatory in nature
insight when something doesn’t seem right

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14
Q

Effects of visual impairments

A 
Alters quality and amount of input 
decrease speed of processing 
changes and decision making 
changes interactions with people and environment 
Decreased adaptation
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15
Q

Causes of visual impairments

A 
CVA 
TBI 
trauma 
MS 
low vision
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16
Q

What is sight

A

Related to function of eyes
related to visual acuity extraocular muscles ocular impairments
OT’s don’t work with site

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17
Q

What is vision

A

The whole visual system and how it works with other systems
ambient and focal vision
OT’s work with this:teach compensatory techniques and ways to improve life

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18
Q

What is ambient vision

A 
Where? 
Subliminal 
spatiotemporal
 balance/posture 
 movement detection 
anticipatory 
global awareness
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19
Q

What is focal vision

A 
What? 
liminal or conscious 
detailed recognition of objects 
comparisons between things
 processing memory storage 
visual completion 
working memory
20
Q

What is refraction

A

Bending of light rays from one medium to another

21
Q

What are the four areas of refraction

A

Cornea
aqueous fluid
lens
Vitreous humor

22
Q

What is myopia

A

Nearsighted

23
Q

What is hyperopia

A

Farsighted

24
Q

Characteristics of the rods

A 
None in the fovea
 no color vision 
night vision 
Movement detection 
peripheral or ambient
 130 million in each eye
25
Q

Characteristics of the cones

A 
Present in the fovea
 6.5 million in each eye 
central vision 
color vision 
high contrast 
visual object recognition 
related to focal vision
26
Q

What has the highest visual acuity

A

Fovea

27
Q

What are the four quadrants of the eye

A

Temporel
nasal
inferior
superior

28
Q

What do the visual fields consist of

A 
Fovea 
macula 
Paracentral
 peripheral 
four quadrants of the eye
29
Q

Order of the visual pathway

A

Optic nerve,optic tract, LGN, superior colliculus, parietal or Temporel loops of the optic radiation (geniculocalcarine tracts), occipital cortex

30
Q

Where does the parietal loop travel to

A

The frontal lobe

31
Q

What is the parietal loop for

A

Inferior visual fields

32
Q

What does the frontal lobe do

A 
Frontal eye fields
 Saccades
 recognition 
smooth pursuit 
working memory
33
Q

Where do the parietal fibers carry info from

A

Inferior visual fields

34
Q

Which fibers are the straight fibers

A

Parietal

35
Q

Which fibers are the curved fibers

A

Temporel

36
Q

What a temporal fibers carry info from

A

Superior fields

37
Q

What does the association area do for the parietal loop

A 
Where and how 
movement detection 
body image 
where we are in space 
postural adjustments 
global awareness
38
Q

What Does the association area do for the temporal loop

A 
What is it 
object recognition
 size shape texture color 
sequence 
awareness of detail
39
Q

What are the areas of the brain activated in vision

A 
Visual cortical centers
Geniculate fibers and occipital lobe 
Temporal circuitry (what)
 Parietal circuitry (where and how)
prefrontal circuitry 
limbic system
40
Q

Order of the visual processing hierarchy from bottom to top

A 
Oculomotor control, visual fields, visual acuity 
attention=alert and attending 
scanning 
pattern recognition 
visual memory 
Visuocognition 
adaptation through vision
41
Q

What is visual midline shift syndrome

A

Affects perception of space (shifts persons Midline laterally posteriorly or anteriorly)
effects posture while walking
don’t have visual orientation to space
perceive Midline is towards non affect side

42
Q

What causes visual midline shift syndrome

A

Occurs after a head injury such as TBI or stroke

43
Q

Visual midline shift syndrome is a dysfunction of what kind of vision

A

Ambient

44
Q

Symptoms of visual midline shift syndrome

A

Floor tilts to one side
floor may move
posture shifts to one side
may lean forward or back

45
Q

What is The overall function of the brain

A

To filter, organize, and integrate sensory info so it can be used to make an adaptive response to the environment

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