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541 > Sensory Systems And Hemispheric Localization > Flashcards

Sensory Systems And Hemispheric Localization Flashcards

1
Q

Where do motor perceptual disorders occur in the right hemisphere

A

Prefrontal area
anterior multimodal association area
premotor area and or primary motor cortex

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2
Q

Where do lesions usually occur in motor perceptual disorders

A

The right hemisphere

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3
Q

What are motor perceptual disorders referred to as

A

Apraxias

motor planning problems

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4
Q

What is ideational apraxia

A

Involves the inability to cognitively understand motor demands of a task involving multiple sequential steps

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5
Q

What is ideomotor apraxia

A

Loss of kinesthetic memory of motor patterns

motor planning for a specific task is lost

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6
Q

What is constructional apraxia

A

The inability to copy or build two or three dimensional designs

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7
Q

What is the postcentral gyrus also known as

A

The primary somatosensory area or SS1

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8
Q

What does the primary somatosensory area do

A

Detection of incoming sensory info from the periphery

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9
Q

What does the secondary somatosensory area do

A

Interpret sensory info

where meaning is attached to sensation

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10
Q

Where is the sensory homunculus located

A

In the postcentral gyrus

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11
Q

What does the sensory homunculus do

A

It’s a cortical representation of every body parts sensation

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12
Q

What happens if there is a lesion to the primary somatosensory area

A

Loss of sensation on the contralateral side of the body

Loss will depend on the part of the sensory homunculus damaged

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13
Q

What is the damage from A lesion to the secondary somatosensory area

A

Can’t discriminate between things or associate meaning

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14
Q

What are kinds of sensory perceptual disorders

A

Visual perceptual disorders
visual spatial perceptual disorders
tactile perceptual disorders
body schema disorders

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15
Q

What are the four main types of motor perceptual disorders

A

Ideational apraxia
ideomotor apraxia
dressing apraxia
constructional apraxia

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16
Q

What is astereognosis

A

The inability to identify objects by touch alone
sensory anatomy is intact
cortical interpretation is damaged

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17
Q

What is ahylognosia

A

The inability to discriminate between different types of materials by touch alone

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18
Q

What is amorphagnosia

A

The inability to recognize the size and shapes of objects

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19
Q

What is two-point discrimination dysfunction

A

The inability to determine whether you’ve been touched one time or at two points

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20
Q

What is agraphesthesia

A

Loss of the ability to determine letters written on the palmar surface of the hand

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21
Q

What is extinction of simultaneous stimulation

A

The inability to determine that one has been touched on both sides of the body
neutral sensation overrides the ability to perceive touch on the involved side

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22
Q

What is body schema

A

The awareness of spatial characteristics of one’s own body in space derived from the synthesis of tactile proprioceptive and pressure sensory perception

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23
Q

Where are body schema lesions most likely to result from

A

Right hemisphere lesions in the posterior multimodal association area

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24
Q

What are specific lesions related to body schema

A

Finger agnosia
unilateral neglect/inattention
agnosognosia

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25
Q

What is finger agnosia

A

Impaired perception of the relationship of the fingers to each other difficulty identifying and locating own fingers

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26
Q

What is unilateral neglect inattention

A

Inability to integrate and use perceptions from one side of the body or environment

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27
Q

What is agnosognosia

A

Extensive neglect syndrome involving failure to recognize and acknowledge their disability

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28
Q

What is our primary sensory System

A

The visual cortex

29
Q

The visual cortex is closely linked with what

A

Motor/postural and vestibular system

30
Q

What does the primary visual cortex do

A

Receives info from the optic tract LGN of the thalamus, and the superior colliculi of the midbrain

31
Q

What is the primary visual cortex responsible for

A

Detection of visual input NOT interpretation

32
Q

Where is the primary visual cortex located

A

The most posterior region of the occipital lobe

33
Q

How many visual association areas are there

A

V1-5

34
Q

What are v2 and up responsible for

A

Interpretation of visual input

35
Q

What happens in the visual association areas

A

Meaning is attached to incoming visual data

36
Q

Where do visual association areas project to

A

The posterior multimodal association area

37
Q

Lesions to the primary visual cortex result in what

A

Loss of sight

cortical blindness

38
Q

Lesions to the visual association areas result in what

A

Visual agnosias or the inability to attach meaning to visual data

39
Q

What is cortical blindness also known as

A

Blind site or unconscious site

40
Q

Where is the primary auditory cortex located

A

Within the insula in the temporal lobe

41
Q

What is the primary auditory cortex responsible for

A

Detecting sounds in the environment

42
Q

What are the auditory association areas responsible for

A

Interpretation of auditory data

43
Q

What are two specific association areas

A

Broca’s

Wernickes

44
Q

Where is Broca’s area located

A

Only in the left hemisphere

45
Q

What is Broca’s area responsible for

A

Mediates motoric aspects of speech

responsible for verbal expression

46
Q

Where is Wernickes area located

A

Only in the left hemisphere

47
Q

What is Wernickes area responsible for

A

Comprehension of spoken word

48
Q

What do lesions to the auditory association areas result in

A

Auditory agnosias

49
Q

What is the thalamus

A

The relay and processing center of sensory and motor information

50
Q

What do lesions in the thalamus result in

A

Thalamus syndrome

51
Q

What does the Thalamic syndrome result from

A

A CVA

52
Q

What do you see in Thalamic syndrome

A

Alteration of sensory perception
hyper or hypo sensitivity to sensation
after several weeks burning and agonizing pain in affected body parts

53
Q

A lesion to the posterior lateral nucleus destroys communication with what

A

SS1

54
Q

A lesion to the posterior lateral nucleus causes what

A

Paresthesias
hypoesthesia
Causalgia

55
Q

Lesions or damage in the spinal cord tract results in what

A

Hemiplegia or hemiparesthesias on the contralateral side

56
Q

The left brain controls motor functions on which side

A

The right side

57
Q

The right brain controls motor functions on which side

A

The left side

58
Q

Where does the left brain receives sensory info from

A

The right side of the body

59
Q

What does the left brain do

A

Interpretation of expression of oral and written words specifically the concrete meaning of words

60
Q

Examples of functions the the left brain control

A 
Math calculations 
writing a letter
 reading a sentence 
categorization 
sequencing
61
Q

Where does the right brain receives sensory info from

A

The left side of the body

62
Q

What does the right brain do

A

Interpretation of perception
interpretation of abstract and creative info
interpretation of the symbolic meaning of a story,verbal tones or gestures

63
Q

Examples of things the right brain interprets and perceives

A 
Visual and spatial info 
language 
motor planning 
body schema 
tactile
64
Q

What do you see in left hemisphere disorders

A 
Wernicke's and Broca's aphasia
Contralateral motor and sensory problems 
Acalculia 
agraphia 
Alexia
65
Q

What problems do you see in right hemisphere disorders

A 
Impairment in the recognition of physical reality 
visual spatial disorders 
body schema perception disorders 
apraxias 
contralateral motor and sensory problems
66
Q

What does the left hemisphere do and in regard to emotion

A

Modulates the emotional responses of both hemispheres

positive emotions

67
Q

What does damage to the left prefrontal lobe tend to do with emotion

A

People tend to be emotionally labile or depressed

68
Q

What is the right hemisphere have to do with emotion

A

agitation, nervousness, distress, anxiety, sadness, depression and pessimism

69
Q

What does damage in the right prefrontal lobe do to individuals regarding emotion

A

Leaves individuals with anosagnosia

Reported state of euphoria or well-being even if they’re not well

541 (12 decks)

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