Sensory Systems And Hemispheric Localization

Question 1

Where do motor perceptual disorders occur in the right hemisphere

Answer 1

Prefrontal area
anterior multimodal association area
premotor area and or primary motor cortex

Question 2

Where do lesions usually occur in motor perceptual disorders

Answer 2

The right hemisphere

Question 3

What are motor perceptual disorders referred to as

Answer 3

Apraxias

motor planning problems

Question 4

What is ideational apraxia

Answer 4

Involves the inability to cognitively understand motor demands of a task involving multiple sequential steps

Question 5

What is ideomotor apraxia

Answer 5

Loss of kinesthetic memory of motor patterns

motor planning for a specific task is lost

Question 6

What is constructional apraxia

Answer 6

The inability to copy or build two or three dimensional designs

Question 7

What is the postcentral gyrus also known as

Answer 7

The primary somatosensory area or SS1

Question 8

What does the primary somatosensory area do

Answer 8

Detection of incoming sensory info from the periphery

Question 9

What does the secondary somatosensory area do

Answer 9

Interpret sensory info

where meaning is attached to sensation

Question 10

Where is the sensory homunculus located

Answer 10

In the postcentral gyrus

Question 11

What does the sensory homunculus do

Answer 11

It’s a cortical representation of every body parts sensation

Question 12

What happens if there is a lesion to the primary somatosensory area

Answer 12

Loss of sensation on the contralateral side of the body

Loss will depend on the part of the sensory homunculus damaged

Question 13

What is the damage from A lesion to the secondary somatosensory area

Answer 13

Can’t discriminate between things or associate meaning

Question 14

What are kinds of sensory perceptual disorders

Answer 14

Visual perceptual disorders
visual spatial perceptual disorders
tactile perceptual disorders
body schema disorders

Question 15

What are the four main types of motor perceptual disorders

Answer 15

Ideational apraxia
ideomotor apraxia
dressing apraxia
constructional apraxia

Question 16

What is astereognosis

Answer 16

The inability to identify objects by touch alone
sensory anatomy is intact
cortical interpretation is damaged

Question 17

What is ahylognosia

Answer 17

The inability to discriminate between different types of materials by touch alone

Question 18

What is amorphagnosia

Answer 18

The inability to recognize the size and shapes of objects

Question 19

What is two-point discrimination dysfunction

Answer 19

The inability to determine whether you’ve been touched one time or at two points

Question 20

What is agraphesthesia

Answer 20

Loss of the ability to determine letters written on the palmar surface of the hand

Question 21

What is extinction of simultaneous stimulation

Answer 21

The inability to determine that one has been touched on both sides of the body
neutral sensation overrides the ability to perceive touch on the involved side

Question 22

What is body schema

Answer 22

The awareness of spatial characteristics of one’s own body in space derived from the synthesis of tactile proprioceptive and pressure sensory perception

Question 23

Where are body schema lesions most likely to result from

Answer 23

Right hemisphere lesions in the posterior multimodal association area

Question 24

What are specific lesions related to body schema

Answer 24

Finger agnosia
unilateral neglect/inattention
agnosognosia

Question 25

What is finger agnosia

Answer 25

Impaired perception of the relationship of the fingers to each other difficulty identifying and locating own fingers

Question 26

What is unilateral neglect inattention

Answer 26

Inability to integrate and use perceptions from one side of the body or environment

Question 27

What is agnosognosia

Answer 27

Extensive neglect syndrome involving failure to recognize and acknowledge their disability

Question 28

What is our primary sensory System

Answer 28

The visual cortex

Question 29

The visual cortex is closely linked with what

Answer 29

Motor/postural and vestibular system

Question 30

What does the primary visual cortex do

Answer 30

Receives info from the optic tract LGN of the thalamus, and the superior colliculi of the midbrain

Question 31

What is the primary visual cortex responsible for

Answer 31

Detection of visual input NOT interpretation

Question 32

Where is the primary visual cortex located

Answer 32

The most posterior region of the occipital lobe

Question 33

How many visual association areas are there

Answer 33

V1-5

Question 34

What are v2 and up responsible for

Answer 34

Interpretation of visual input

Question 35

What happens in the visual association areas

Answer 35

Meaning is attached to incoming visual data

Question 36

Where do visual association areas project to

Answer 36

The posterior multimodal association area

Question 37

Lesions to the primary visual cortex result in what

Answer 37

Loss of sight | cortical blindness

Question 38

Lesions to the visual association areas result in what

Answer 38

Visual agnosias or the inability to attach meaning to visual data

Question 39

What is cortical blindness also known as

Answer 39

Blind site or unconscious site

Question 40

Where is the primary auditory cortex located

Answer 40

Within the insula in the temporal lobe

Question 41

What is the primary auditory cortex responsible for

Answer 41

Detecting sounds in the environment

Question 42

What are the auditory association areas responsible for

Answer 42

Interpretation of auditory data

Question 43

What are two specific association areas

Answer 43

Broca's | Wernickes

Question 44

Where is Broca's area located

Answer 44

Only in the left hemisphere

Question 45

What is Broca's area responsible for

Answer 45

Mediates motoric aspects of speech | responsible for verbal expression

Question 46

Where is Wernickes area located

Answer 46

Only in the left hemisphere

Question 47

What is Wernickes area responsible for

Answer 47

Comprehension of spoken word

Question 48

What do lesions to the auditory association areas result in

Answer 48

Auditory agnosias

Question 49

What is the thalamus

Answer 49

The relay and processing center of sensory and motor information

Question 50

What do lesions in the thalamus result in

Answer 50

Thalamus syndrome

Question 51

What does the Thalamic syndrome result from

Answer 51

A CVA

Question 52

What do you see in Thalamic syndrome

Answer 52

Alteration of sensory perception hyper or hypo sensitivity to sensation after several weeks burning and agonizing pain in affected body parts

Question 53

A lesion to the posterior lateral nucleus destroys communication with what

Answer 53

SS1

Question 54

A lesion to the posterior lateral nucleus causes what

Answer 54

Paresthesias hypoesthesia Causalgia

Question 55

Lesions or damage in the spinal cord tract results in what

Answer 55

Hemiplegia or hemiparesthesias on the contralateral side

Question 56

The left brain controls motor functions on which side

Answer 56

The right side

Question 57

The right brain controls motor functions on which side

Answer 57

The left side

Question 58

Where does the left brain receives sensory info from

Answer 58

The right side of the body

Question 59

What does the left brain do

Answer 59

Interpretation of expression of oral and written words specifically the concrete meaning of words

Question 60

Examples of functions the the left brain control

Answer 60

``` Math calculations writing a letter reading a sentence categorization sequencing ```

Question 61

Where does the right brain receives sensory info from

Answer 61

The left side of the body

Question 62

What does the right brain do

Answer 62

Interpretation of perception interpretation of abstract and creative info interpretation of the symbolic meaning of a story,verbal tones or gestures

Question 63

Examples of things the right brain interprets and perceives

Answer 63

``` Visual and spatial info language motor planning body schema tactile ```

Question 64

What do you see in left hemisphere disorders

Answer 64

``` Wernicke's and Broca's aphasia Contralateral motor and sensory problems Acalculia agraphia Alexia ```

Question 65

What problems do you see in right hemisphere disorders

Answer 65

``` Impairment in the recognition of physical reality visual spatial disorders body schema perception disorders apraxias contralateral motor and sensory problems ```

Question 66

What does the left hemisphere do and in regard to emotion

Answer 66

Modulates the emotional responses of both hemispheres | positive emotions

Question 67

What does damage to the left prefrontal lobe tend to do with emotion

Answer 67

People tend to be emotionally labile or depressed

Question 68

What is the right hemisphere have to do with emotion

Answer 68

agitation, nervousness, distress, anxiety, sadness, depression and pessimism

Question 69

What does damage in the right prefrontal lobe do to individuals regarding emotion

Answer 69

Leaves individuals with anosagnosia | Reported state of euphoria or well-being even if they're not well