Sensory Systems And Hemispheric Localization Flashcards
Where do motor perceptual disorders occur in the right hemisphere
Prefrontal area
anterior multimodal association area
premotor area and or primary motor cortex
Where do lesions usually occur in motor perceptual disorders
The right hemisphere
What are motor perceptual disorders referred to as
Apraxias
motor planning problems
What is ideational apraxia
Involves the inability to cognitively understand motor demands of a task involving multiple sequential steps
What is ideomotor apraxia
Loss of kinesthetic memory of motor patterns
motor planning for a specific task is lost
What is constructional apraxia
The inability to copy or build two or three dimensional designs
What is the postcentral gyrus also known as
The primary somatosensory area or SS1
What does the primary somatosensory area do
Detection of incoming sensory info from the periphery
What does the secondary somatosensory area do
Interpret sensory info
where meaning is attached to sensation
Where is the sensory homunculus located
In the postcentral gyrus
What does the sensory homunculus do
It’s a cortical representation of every body parts sensation
What happens if there is a lesion to the primary somatosensory area
Loss of sensation on the contralateral side of the body
Loss will depend on the part of the sensory homunculus damaged
What is the damage from A lesion to the secondary somatosensory area
Can’t discriminate between things or associate meaning
What are kinds of sensory perceptual disorders
Visual perceptual disorders
visual spatial perceptual disorders
tactile perceptual disorders
body schema disorders
What are the four main types of motor perceptual disorders
Ideational apraxia
ideomotor apraxia
dressing apraxia
constructional apraxia
What is astereognosis
The inability to identify objects by touch alone
sensory anatomy is intact
cortical interpretation is damaged
What is ahylognosia
The inability to discriminate between different types of materials by touch alone
What is amorphagnosia
The inability to recognize the size and shapes of objects
What is two-point discrimination dysfunction
The inability to determine whether you’ve been touched one time or at two points
What is agraphesthesia
Loss of the ability to determine letters written on the palmar surface of the hand
What is extinction of simultaneous stimulation
The inability to determine that one has been touched on both sides of the body
neutral sensation overrides the ability to perceive touch on the involved side
What is body schema
The awareness of spatial characteristics of one’s own body in space derived from the synthesis of tactile proprioceptive and pressure sensory perception
Where are body schema lesions most likely to result from
Right hemisphere lesions in the posterior multimodal association area
What are specific lesions related to body schema
Finger agnosia
unilateral neglect/inattention
agnosognosia
What is finger agnosia
Impaired perception of the relationship of the fingers to each other difficulty identifying and locating own fingers
What is unilateral neglect inattention
Inability to integrate and use perceptions from one side of the body or environment
What is agnosognosia
Extensive neglect syndrome involving failure to recognize and acknowledge their disability
What is our primary sensory System
The visual cortex
The visual cortex is closely linked with what
Motor/postural and vestibular system
What does the primary visual cortex do
Receives info from the optic tract LGN of the thalamus, and the superior colliculi of the midbrain
What is the primary visual cortex responsible for
Detection of visual input NOT interpretation
Where is the primary visual cortex located
The most posterior region of the occipital lobe
How many visual association areas are there
V1-5
What are v2 and up responsible for
Interpretation of visual input
What happens in the visual association areas
Meaning is attached to incoming visual data
Where do visual association areas project to
The posterior multimodal association area
Lesions to the primary visual cortex result in what
Loss of sight
cortical blindness
Lesions to the visual association areas result in what
Visual agnosias or the inability to attach meaning to visual data
What is cortical blindness also known as
Blind site or unconscious site
Where is the primary auditory cortex located
Within the insula in the temporal lobe
What is the primary auditory cortex responsible for
Detecting sounds in the environment
What are the auditory association areas responsible for
Interpretation of auditory data
What are two specific association areas
Broca’s
Wernickes
Where is Broca’s area located
Only in the left hemisphere
What is Broca’s area responsible for
Mediates motoric aspects of speech
responsible for verbal expression
Where is Wernickes area located
Only in the left hemisphere
What is Wernickes area responsible for
Comprehension of spoken word
What do lesions to the auditory association areas result in
Auditory agnosias
What is the thalamus
The relay and processing center of sensory and motor information
What do lesions in the thalamus result in
Thalamus syndrome
What does the Thalamic syndrome result from
A CVA
What do you see in Thalamic syndrome
Alteration of sensory perception
hyper or hypo sensitivity to sensation
after several weeks burning and agonizing pain in affected body parts
A lesion to the posterior lateral nucleus destroys communication with what
SS1
A lesion to the posterior lateral nucleus causes what
Paresthesias
hypoesthesia
Causalgia
Lesions or damage in the spinal cord tract results in what
Hemiplegia or hemiparesthesias on the contralateral side
The left brain controls motor functions on which side
The right side
The right brain controls motor functions on which side
The left side
Where does the left brain receives sensory info from
The right side of the body
What does the left brain do
Interpretation of expression of oral and written words specifically the concrete meaning of words
Examples of functions the the left brain control
Math calculations writing a letter reading a sentence categorization sequencing
Where does the right brain receives sensory info from
The left side of the body
What does the right brain do
Interpretation of perception
interpretation of abstract and creative info
interpretation of the symbolic meaning of a story,verbal tones or gestures
Examples of things the right brain interprets and perceives
Visual and spatial info language motor planning body schema tactile
What do you see in left hemisphere disorders
Wernicke's and Broca's aphasia Contralateral motor and sensory problems Acalculia agraphia Alexia
What problems do you see in right hemisphere disorders
Impairment in the recognition of physical reality visual spatial disorders body schema perception disorders apraxias contralateral motor and sensory problems
What does the left hemisphere do and in regard to emotion
Modulates the emotional responses of both hemispheres
positive emotions
What does damage to the left prefrontal lobe tend to do with emotion
People tend to be emotionally labile or depressed
What is the right hemisphere have to do with emotion
agitation, nervousness, distress, anxiety, sadness, depression and pessimism
What does damage in the right prefrontal lobe do to individuals regarding emotion
Leaves individuals with anosagnosia
Reported state of euphoria or well-being even if they’re not well
