PNF Flashcards
What are key concepts of PNF
- All humans have potential not yet developed
- normal dev. proceeds in a cephaocaudal and proximodistal pattern
- early motor is dominated by reflex activity and mature motor movt is supported by postural reflexes
- early motor movt. is spontaneous and moves b/t extreme of ext/flex (doesn’t have a lot of stability)
- motor is an orderly sequence and w/in total patterns of movt
- motor movt shifts b/t dominance of the flexors and extensors in order to dev. a balance b/t the 2
- normal dev. is sequential but overlaps (difference b/t PNF and ROOD)
- Balance of agonists and antagonists must occur
- improvement in motor depends upon motor learning
- frequency and repetition are used to promote motor learning and dev. strength and endurance (transfer of learning)
- goal directed activities and self-care are used to facilitate total patterns of mov and motor learning
Why are pnf total patterns of movement unique
b/c it incoporates all planes of movt w/in developmental postures that we use throughout our lives
what to look at in total patterns of movt
interaction of the head, neck, trunk and limbs in all planes
What is always combined in PNF
vision is combined with diagonal patterns
Head and neck techniques (diagonal patterns)
neck rotation/extension (looking over shoulder)
neck flexion/rotation (looking at opposite hip)
Trunk techniques
flexion and rotation of the trunk (looking behind body)
rotate and extend trunk (looking over opposite shoulder)
what do upper extremity diagonal patterns contain
components of flexion and extension
D1 flexion
flexion adduction external rotation at the shoulder forearm supination wrist and finger flexion (up and across midline to reach for something from high shelf, bring something to mouth to feed, comb opposite side of hair) (elbow about nose lvl at end range)
D1 extension
extension abduction internal rotation forearm pronation wrist and finger extension (push pants off, push off of chair,put hand in coat sleeve, down and out to push door behind you)
D2 flexion
same as d1 but not crossing midline flexion abduction external rotation forearm supination wrist and finger extension (e.g. drawing a sword in fencing put things on shelf, above head task, grooming and hygiene on same side)
D2 Extension
extension internal rotation adduction wrist extension finger flexion (end movt of pitching a baseball, fasten seatbelt, wash/dry opposite side of body)
What are bilateral patterns
symmetrical
asymmetrical
reciprocal
What are symmetrical patterns
both side working together (lift heavy box up in front of you)
What are asymmetrical patterns
arms in contact but 1 is on 1 side and one crossing midline
putting earring into box
What are reciprocal patterns
patterned movts in opposite directions at same time
walking, crawling
What are general techniques used to facilitate patterns of mvt
verbal cues manual contacts stretch traction approximation resistance
What to do with verbal cues
change tone, volume, sharpness
what to do with manual contacts
hands on body can be a guidance but make sure its purposeful
what to do with stretch
quick stretch
what to do with traction
separating jts. distance b/t jts. to facilitate.
what does traction do
promotes strengthening and stability
What to do with appoximation
like jt. compression
what does approximation do
decrease pain, spasms, and spasticity
increases stability
What to do with resistance
provide through any movt.
can use theraband, weights, or manually
What are specific techniques used for
movement through facilitation, inhibition, strengthening, and relaxation of mm groups
What are specific pnf techniques
rhythmic stabilization
contract/relax
hold relax
what is rhythmic stabilization
have them hold position
can eventually do on their own
what is isotonic
resistance and muscle stays the same
what is isometric
resistance stays the same
muscles changes
what to do ith contract/relax
isotonic contraction. provide resistance and have them push through resistance
What are strengths of PNF
crossing midline
rotation is a strong component
helps regain normal movt. patterns
wha are limitations of pnf
lack of research
What does the PNF method use
verbal cues, manual contacts and visual cues superimposed on diagonal movt patterns to facilitate function
