PNF

Question 1

What are key concepts of PNF

Answer 1

• All humans have potential not yet developed
• normal dev. proceeds in a cephaocaudal and proximodistal pattern
• early motor is dominated by reflex activity and mature motor movt is supported by postural reflexes
• early motor movt. is spontaneous and moves b/t extreme of ext/flex (doesn’t have a lot of stability)
• motor is an orderly sequence and w/in total patterns of movt
• motor movt shifts b/t dominance of the flexors and extensors in order to dev. a balance b/t the 2
• normal dev. is sequential but overlaps (difference b/t PNF and ROOD)
• Balance of agonists and antagonists must occur
• improvement in motor depends upon motor learning
• frequency and repetition are used to promote motor learning and dev. strength and endurance (transfer of learning)
• goal directed activities and self-care are used to facilitate total patterns of mov and motor learning

Question 2

Why are pnf total patterns of movement unique

Answer 2

b/c it incoporates all planes of movt w/in developmental postures that we use throughout our lives

Question 3

what to look at in total patterns of movt

Answer 3

interaction of the head, neck, trunk and limbs in all planes

Question 4

What is always combined in PNF

Answer 4

vision is combined with diagonal patterns

Question 5

Head and neck techniques (diagonal patterns)

Answer 5

neck rotation/extension (looking over shoulder)

neck flexion/rotation (looking at opposite hip)

Question 6

Trunk techniques

Answer 6

flexion and rotation of the trunk (looking behind body)

rotate and extend trunk (looking over opposite shoulder)

Question 7

what do upper extremity diagonal patterns contain

Answer 7

components of flexion and extension

Question 8

D1 flexion

Answer 8

flexion
adduction
external rotation at the shoulder 
forearm supination 
wrist and finger flexion 
(up and across midline to reach for something from high shelf, bring something to mouth to feed, comb opposite side of hair) (elbow about nose lvl at end range)

Question 9

D1 extension

Answer 9

extension
abduction
internal rotation
forearm pronation
wrist and finger extension
(push pants off, push off of chair,put hand in coat sleeve, down and out to push door behind you)

Question 10

D2 flexion

Answer 10

same as d1 but not crossing midline
flexion
abduction
external rotation
forearm supination
wrist and finger extension
(e.g. drawing a sword in fencing put things on shelf, above head task, grooming and hygiene on same side)

Question 11

D2 Extension

Answer 11

extension
internal rotation
adduction 
wrist extension
finger flexion 
(end movt of pitching a baseball, fasten seatbelt, wash/dry opposite side of body)

Question 12

What are bilateral patterns

Answer 12

symmetrical
asymmetrical
reciprocal

Question 13

What are symmetrical patterns

Answer 13

both side working together (lift heavy box up in front of you)

Question 14

What are asymmetrical patterns

Answer 14

arms in contact but 1 is on 1 side and one crossing midline

putting earring into box

Question 15

What are reciprocal patterns

Answer 15

patterned movts in opposite directions at same time

walking, crawling

Question 16

What are general techniques used to facilitate patterns of mvt

Answer 16

verbal cues
manual contacts
stretch
traction
approximation 
resistance

Question 17

What to do with verbal cues

Answer 17

change tone, volume, sharpness

Question 18

what to do with manual contacts

Answer 18

hands on body can be a guidance but make sure its purposeful

Question 19

what to do with stretch

Answer 19

quick stretch

Question 20

what to do with traction

Answer 20

separating jts. distance b/t jts. to facilitate.

Question 21

what does traction do

Answer 21

promotes strengthening and stability

Question 22

What to do with appoximation

Answer 22

like jt. compression

Question 23

what does approximation do

Answer 23

decrease pain, spasms, and spasticity

increases stability

Question 24

What to do with resistance

Answer 24

provide through any movt.

can use theraband, weights, or manually

Question 25

What are specific techniques used for

Answer 25

movement through facilitation, inhibition, strengthening, and relaxation of mm groups

Question 26

What are specific pnf techniques

Answer 26

rhythmic stabilization
contract/relax
hold relax

Question 27

what is rhythmic stabilization

Answer 27

have them hold position

can eventually do on their own

Question 28

what is isotonic

Answer 28

resistance and muscle stays the same

Question 29

what is isometric

Answer 29

resistance stays the same

muscles changes

Question 30

what to do ith contract/relax

Answer 30

isotonic contraction. provide resistance and have them push through resistance

Question 31

What are strengths of PNF

Answer 31

crossing midline
rotation is a strong component
helps regain normal movt. patterns

Question 32

wha are limitations of pnf

Answer 32

lack of research

Question 33

What does the PNF method use

Answer 33

verbal cues, manual contacts and visual cues superimposed on diagonal movt patterns to facilitate function