Vision and Proprioception

Question 1

sources of sensory information

Answer 1

exteroceptive and proprioceptive

Question 2

exteroceptive

Answer 2

vision & hearing

source of stimuli is from outside body

Question 3

proprioceptive

Answer 3

kinesthesis

source of stimuli is from outside body

Question 4

Closed-Loop Control systems

Answer 4

• operates on sensory info provided to the effector system and back to the executive again
• uses many sources of sensory info
• flexible and adaptable (can shut off certain senses)
• limited by processing speed (judgement of baseball pitch)

Question 5

Closed-Loop examples

Answer 5

1. Response-produce feedback (most sports)
2. Tracking (want smooth tracking, follow finger w/eye)
3. Discrete Tasks vs Continuous (speed)

Question 6

focal system

Answer 6

fovea, central vision only
only 3 degrees, have to move eye to focus
(the what)

Question 7

ambient system

Answer 7

central and peripheral vision
includes retina
(the where)

Question 8

average human rxn time

Answer 8

250 ms

Question 9

does eye dominance correlate with hand dominance?

Answer 9

no

Question 10

what will adding more movement do?

Answer 10

increase room for error, moving baseball vs static golfball

Question 11

visual development

Answer 11

1. Sensation (accommodation, contrast sensitivity, acuity)
2. Perception (size constancy, figure-ground, whole vs part, depth, spacial orientation, movement, fusion, convergence/divergence, eye dominance, tracking, visualization)
3. changes with aging

Question 12

dominance of vision

Answer 12

vision dominates sensory feedback

visual search=search environ. for relevant cues, CAN TRIAN

Question 13

how vision controls movement

Answer 13

1. manual aiming (throwing) & prehension (using hands)
2. handwriting and manual tracking (chasing things with hands)
3. locomotion and jumping
4. catching and batting

Question 14

optical flow in sports provide info about…

Answer 14

1. stability and balance
2. velocity of movement
3. direction of movement
4. movement of objects
5. time before contact (Tau)==> constant used in fmlas

Question 15

optical flow

Answer 15

flow of info coming in all the time to brain

Question 16

size constancy

Answer 16

pen is same size as moving away/forward even though appears larger/smaller

Question 17

figure-ground

Answer 17

we refer to background for comparison to the figure were focusing on

Question 18

whole vs part

Answer 18

break large objects into parts w/eyes

ex. divide pitcher into shoulder & arm, need to know when to look at what

Question 19

spatial orientation

Answer 19

how things look diff if turned around, where you are in space, can you fit through 2 people running towards you

Question 20

depth

Answer 20

cars in front look bigger and you make a judgement to slow down

Question 21

types of vision used to judge movement

Answer 21

ambient and peripheral systems

Question 22

fusion

Answer 22

take two images and fuse into 1

brain skill

Question 23

convergence/divergence

Answer 23

follow finger to nose (convergence)
away apart (divergence)