Vision and Proprioception Flashcards
sources of sensory information
exteroceptive and proprioceptive
exteroceptive
vision & hearing
source of stimuli is from outside body
proprioceptive
kinesthesis
source of stimuli is from outside body
Closed-Loop Control systems
- operates on sensory info provided to the effector system and back to the executive again
- uses many sources of sensory info
- flexible and adaptable (can shut off certain senses)
- limited by processing speed (judgement of baseball pitch)
Closed-Loop examples
- Response-produce feedback (most sports)
- Tracking (want smooth tracking, follow finger w/eye)
- Discrete Tasks vs Continuous (speed)
focal system
fovea, central vision only
only 3 degrees, have to move eye to focus
(the what)
ambient system
central and peripheral vision
includes retina
(the where)
average human rxn time
250 ms
does eye dominance correlate with hand dominance?
no
what will adding more movement do?
increase room for error, moving baseball vs static golfball
visual development
- Sensation (accommodation, contrast sensitivity, acuity)
- Perception (size constancy, figure-ground, whole vs part, depth, spacial orientation, movement, fusion, convergence/divergence, eye dominance, tracking, visualization)
- changes with aging
dominance of vision
vision dominates sensory feedback
visual search=search environ. for relevant cues, CAN TRIAN
how vision controls movement
- manual aiming (throwing) & prehension (using hands)
- handwriting and manual tracking (chasing things with hands)
- locomotion and jumping
- catching and batting
optical flow in sports provide info about…
- stability and balance
- velocity of movement
- direction of movement
- movement of objects
- time before contact (Tau)==> constant used in fmlas
optical flow
flow of info coming in all the time to brain
size constancy
pen is same size as moving away/forward even though appears larger/smaller
figure-ground
we refer to background for comparison to the figure were focusing on
whole vs part
break large objects into parts w/eyes
ex. divide pitcher into shoulder & arm, need to know when to look at what
spatial orientation
how things look diff if turned around, where you are in space, can you fit through 2 people running towards you
depth
cars in front look bigger and you make a judgement to slow down
types of vision used to judge movement
ambient and peripheral systems
fusion
take two images and fuse into 1
brain skill
convergence/divergence
follow finger to nose (convergence) away apart (divergence)
