Group Cohesion Flashcards
Cohesion definition
DYNAMIC VS STATIC PROCESS that is reflected in the groups tendency to stick together and remain united while pursuing its goals and objectives
Groups definitions
- two or more persons INTERACTING in such a manner that each person INFLUENCES AND IS INFLUENCED by eachother person
- characterized by PURPOSEFUL INTERACTION in goal directed and/or interpersonal behavior (not same as a crowd)
- degree of ATTRACTION, COMMITMENT and INVOLVEMENT of the individual members related to the collective totality
Social Cohesion
degree to which members of a team like each other and enjoy each others company
- related to interpersonal attraction
- can vary from low to high
Task Cohesion
degree to which members of a group work together to achieve a specific and identifiable task
- more related to the goal, have reason why they are there and together
- teams “being on the same page” towards certain goal
- importance of this depends on moment and situation
Determinants of cohesion
- cooperation
- choice, decision, consideration
- stability
- how long someone stays on a team
- homogeneity
- similarities of members makes cohesion easier
- need to learn to work with diversity - success
- creates more cohesion
Models of team cohesion
- Pendular Model
- Linear Model
- Life Cycle Model
Pendular model of team cohesion
- cohesion is always in motion like a pendulum
- changes day to day
- can be more or less cohesive
Linear Model of cohesion
- Forming…names, getting to know
- Storming…forming hierarchies; some leaders, quiet, outgoing, etc.
- Norming…putting things in motion, figuring out who does what
- Performing…all previous processes coming together
* *can loop back around in this cycle, if people leave, injury, coaches may learn new strategies, etc
Life-Cycle Model
“cradle to grave” “birth to death”
- cradle…new freshmen @ beginning of year
- grave…graduating seniors leave
Types of sport
- interactive
- co-active
- mixed co-acting-interacting
Interactive sport
REQUIRES team members to work together to achieve success and team goals
-soccer, basketball, team sports, etc…
Co-active Sport
DOES NOT REQUIRE member interaction
ex…individual sports, archery, bowling, golf, fencing, martial arts
Mixed Co-acting-interacting
american football…offense and defense separate
baseball, softball…when team is up to bat, only one batter
***matching test Q
Factors Impacting team cohesion
- group size
- task (who you play, situation)
- team tenure (baseball had optimum 5yr tenure, longer is better)
- satisfaction (can be cause or effect of cohesion)
Ringelmann Effect
(tug-of-war)
- % effort decreases as group size increases
- “social loafing”
- effort and contribution is masked in larger groups
