Vision

Question 1

cones

Answer 1

detect color
fine detail
in fovea
one cone per ganglion cell

Question 2

rods

Answer 2

night vision
in periphery
lots of rods per ganglion cell

Question 3

receptive field

Answer 3

an area in visual space that excites or inhibits a cell in the brain

Question 4

point-to-point topographic representation

Answer 4

A receptor at a point on the skin (or the retina) projects to a specific point in cortex

Question 5

on-center/off-surround cells

Answer 5

are excited when light hits center of the receptive field and are inhibited when light hits the periphery of the RF

Question 6

off-center/on-surround

Answer 6

inhibited when light hits the center of the RF and excited when light hits the periphery of RF

Question 7

trichromatic theory

Answer 7

3 different types of cones, but the cones don’t have a specific sensitivity

Question 8

opponent-process theory

Answer 8

we perceive color in terms of opposites

explains after-images

Question 9

retinex theory

Answer 9

the perception of color changes relative to its background or the light shown on it
explains
explains color constancy

Question 10

color constancy

Answer 10

the ability to recognize colors despite changes in lighting

Question 11

lateral inhibition

Answer 11

the retina’s way of sharpening contrasts to emphasize borders of objects
the reduction of activity in neighboring neurons when one neuron gets stronger input that the others

Question 12

mach band

Answer 12

non-existent strips that emerge as a consequence of contrast enhancement

Question 13

simple cells

Answer 13

Respond to a line at one particular location with one specific orientation
Small RF

Question 14

complex cells

Answer 14

Respond to a line in a specific orientation almost anywhere in RF
Have medium sized FR’s

Question 15

hypercomplex cells

Answer 15

Respond to bar of light anywhere in RF
Very large RF’s
good edge detectors

Question 16

Magnocellular (dorsal) stream

Answer 16

"where/how to" pathway
larger cell bodies and receptive fields
distributed evenly throughout retina
detects movement and sudden changes
fast transmission
parietal

Question 17

parvocellular (ventral) stream

Answer 17

"what" pathway
small cell bodies/receptive fields
in fovea
detect visual details and color
slow transmission
temporal

Question 18

V4

Answer 18

color form

Question 19

V5

Answer 19

motion

Question 20

akinotopsia

Answer 20

the inability to perceive movement

Question 21

associative agnosia

Answer 21

don’t know the purpose/use of an object
but can still name objects by different modality (like touch)
damage to ventral stream

Question 22

apperceptive agnosia

Answer 22

can perceive features but can’t put features together to make a whole
damage to ventral stream

Question 23

prospagnosia

Answer 23

inability to recognize faces

damage to dorsal stream

Question 24

fusiform face area

Answer 24

activated during facial recognition more than object recognition

Question 25

William’s syndrome

Answer 25

genetic condition where people show great interest in people and spend more time looking at their faces
enlarged fusiform face area

Question 26

blindsight

Answer 26

the ability to respond in limited ways to visual info without perceiving it consciously
complete damage to V1

Question 27

hemispatial neglect

Answer 27

one neglects the left-most side of space

damage to right parietal lobe (dorsal stream)

Question 28

the binding problem

Answer 28

question of how the visual, auditory and olfactory aspects of an object are combined to within a single object
hypothesis: binding perception depends on simultaneous activity in various brain areas

Question 29

horizontal cells

Answer 29

inhibitory

Question 30

amacrine cells

Answer 30

inhibitory

Question 31

bipolar cells

Answer 31

excitatory

Question 32

ganglion cells

Answer 32

excitatory

Question 33

saccade

Answer 33

…

Question 34

blind spot

Answer 34

…