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Phys Psych > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Automatic nervous system

A

Involuntary control

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2
Q

Tract

A

Bundle of axons in CNS

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3
Q

Nuclei

A

(CNS) Mass containing cell bodies of nerve cells

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4
Q

Nerve

A

(PNS) bundle of axons

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5
Q

Ganglia

A

(PNS) mass containing cell bodies of nerve cells

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6
Q

White matter

A

Myelinated axons that transmit info

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7
Q

Gray matter

A

Made of cell bodies and unmyelinated dendrites

Collects info

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8
Q

Dorsal

A

Towards back

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9
Q

Ventral

A

Towards stomach

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10
Q

Quadriplegia

A

Inability to control all four limbs and respiration (damage to upper cervical)

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11
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Dorsal

Deliver info to CNS

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12
Q

Motor neurons

A

Ventral

Distribute commands to peripheral effectors

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13
Q

Inter neurons

A

Inhibit info or coordinate responses

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14
Q

Neuronal pools

A

Functional group of interconnected neurons

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15
Q

Divergence

A

Info comes from a specific place and goes out to other parts of the brain

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16
Q

Convergence

A

Narrowing down the neurons to a more specific place

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17
Q

Serial processing

A

Structure goes in a circuit (slow)

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18
Q

Parallel processing

A

Structures do different things at different rates (fast)

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19
Q

Reverberation

A

Something repeated over and over again

Ex. Memory

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20
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Prepare organs for vigorous activity

Fight or flight

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21
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Facilitates no emergency responses and conserves energy

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22
Q

Brainstem

A

Medulla, pons and midbrain

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23
Q

Medulla

A

Hindbrain

Controls vital functions and reflexes

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24
Q

Pons

A

Hindbrain
Axons from each half of brain cross to opposite side of spinal cord, so left hemisphere controls right side of body and vice versa
Regulates sleep

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25
Q

Cerebellum

A

Hindbrain

Controls coordination, movement, balance, timing

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26
Q

Ventricles

A

Hold cerebrospinal fluid

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27
Q

Ascending reticular activating system

A

Hindbrain
Interconnected network for arousal
Activated parts of brain that will receive message

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28
Q

Locus coeruleus

A

Group of cell bodies that manufacture almost all adrenaline in brain

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29
Q

Raphe nuclei

A

Manufacture serotonin in medulla and pons

30
Q

Tectum

A

Roof of midbrain

31
Q

Tegmentum

A

Floor of midbrain

32
Q

Superior colliculus

A

Midbrain

Important for vision

33
Q

Inferior colliculus

A

Important for hearing

34
Q

Central periaqueductal gray

A

Midbrain
Increases pain tolerance when violent
Stimulation causes aggressive behavior

35
Q

Ventral tegmental area

A

Midbrain
Source of dopamine
Feeling of reward

36
Q

Substantia nigra

A

Midbrain

Only other source of DA besides VTA

37
Q

Diencephalon

A

Lower part of forebrain

Thalamus and hypothalamus

38
Q

Telencephalon

A

Higher part of forebrain

Cerebral cortex, basal ganglia and limbic system

39
Q

Thalamus

A

Process sensory info (except olfactory) and sends output to cerebral cortex

40
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Forebrain

Organize survival behaviors, homeostasis, produces hormones

41
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Forebrain

Synthesizes hormones that the blood carries to organs throughout the body

42
Q

Hippocampus

A

Certain types of memory, especially memories of individual events

43
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid

A

Cushions brain against shock when head moves

Reservoir of nutrients and hormones

44
Q

Relay nuclei

A

Project to primary cortices

Trim info into what’s most important

45
Q

Association nuclei

A

Project to cortical association areas

46
Q

Corpus collosum and anterior commissure

A

Bundles of axons that allow neurons in 2 hemispheres to communicate with neurons in corresponding part of other hemisphere

47
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Vision
Striated
Damage can result in cortical blindness

48
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Primary and secondary sensory-motor cortex
Monitors info on eye, head and body positions
Damage can cause hemispatial neglect
Spatial and numerical info

49
Q

Postcentral gyrus

A

Frontal lobe
Primary somatosensory cortex
Represents feeling of touch

50
Q

Pre central gyrus

A

Frontal lobe

Control of fine motor movement

51
Q

Central sulcus

A

Deep groove in surface of cortex that separates the 2 lobes

52
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Auditory info

Emotional and motivational behaviors

53
Q

Layers of cerebral cortex

A

1: receives input
2 & 3: intra-cortical
4: sensory input
5 & 6: motor output

54
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Contains primary motor cortex and prefrontal cortex

55
Q

Prefrontal cortex

A

Attention
Working memory
Making decisions and planning movement

56
Q

Rostral

A

Toward nose

57
Q

Caudal

A

Toward tail

58
Q

Sagittal cut

A

Profile

Vertical cut into left and right

59
Q

Midsaggital

A

Division into left and right from middle of brain

60
Q

Coronal

A

Vertical division into front and back

61
Q

Horizontal

A

Cut off top of skull

Horizontal division into dorsal and ventral

62
Q

Transverse

A

Diagonal to cross-plane at the curving Brainstem

63
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Voluntary control
Muscle control
Sensation

64
Q

Gyri

A

Convolutions of the brain (bump)

65
Q

Fissures and sulci

A

Grooves in the brain

66
Q

Ventromedial hypothalamus

A

Hunger

Lesion leads to obesity

67
Q

Lateral hypothalamus

A

Hunger

Lesion leads to anorexia

68
Q

Paraventricular hypothalamus

A

Stress response

69
Q

Lateral geniculate nucleus

A

Thalamus

Vision

70
Q

Medial geniculate nucleus

A

Thalamus

Auditory

71
Q

Pulvinar

A

Thalamus

Vision (older pathway)

Phys Psych (12 decks)

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