Disorders

Question 1

Autism theory

Answer 1

Biogenic theory: neural connectivity disturbance

Associated w high rates of visual, hearing, learning and not for impairments as well as epilepsy

Question 2

What increases the risk of an individual becoming autistic?

Answer 2

Genetics
Intrauterine events
Labor/delivery complications
Patterns of neuronal growth/death after birth
Fathers advanced age
Immunological factors
Artificial insemination

Question 3

Symptoms

Answer 3

Need for sameness/ritualistic behavior
Social isolation
Abnormal attention
Local rather than global aspects 
Large head circumference
Self-injurious behavior

Question 4

Predicts that the underlying pathophysiologic basis of depression is a depletion in the levels of 5-HT, NA and DA in CNS

Answer 4

Monoamine theory of depression

Question 5

Block Monoamine repuptake and receptors (5-HT, DA and NA)

Answer 5

Tricyclics

Question 6

Block presynaptic enzyme that metabolizes Catecholamines and 5-HT into inactive forms

Answer 6

MAOIs (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors)

Question 7

Blocks reuptake of 5-HT by the presynaptic terminal

Answer 7

SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor)

Question 8

Certain neurotrophins such as BDNF are depressed during periods of high stress and depression
Neurogenesis increases with BDNF increase

Answer 8

Neurotrophic theory of depression

Question 9

Treatments of bipolar disorder

Answer 9

Lithium and anti-convulsants

Question 10

Positive schizophrenia symptoms

Answer 10

Accompany normal behavior, sporadic
Hallucinations
Delusions
Thought disorder

Question 11

Negative schizophrenia symptoms

Answer 11

Lacking from normal behavior, stable of over time

Lack of drive, social withdrawal, flat affect

Question 12

Wisconsin card sorting task

Answer 12

Schizophrenics can’t shift their attention to a different card sorting criterion

Question 13

Suggests that schiz results from excess DA synapses

Answer 13

Dopamine hypothesis of schiz

Question 14

Hallucinations and delusions resulting from repeated large doses of amphetamines, metamphetamines, or cocaine

Answer 14

Substance-induced psychotic disorder

Question 15

Schiz drug that relieves positive symptoms of schiz

Answer 15

Chlorpromazine

Question 16

Drugs that tend to relieve schiz and similar conditions

Answer 16

Antipsychotic/neuroleptic drugs

Question 17

Schiz drugs that seldom produce movement problems and are more effective at treating negative symptoms

Answer 17

Second generation (atypical) antipsychotics

Question 18

Suggests the problem of schizophrenia relates partially to deficient acidity at GLU synapses in the PFC

Answer 18

Glutamate hypothesis of schiz

Question 19

Failure to develop strong long-range connections but have great short-term connections

Answer 19

Disconnection syndrome

Question 20

Typical depression

Answer 20

Decreased appetite, sleep, libido

Question 21

Atypical depression

Answer 21

Increased appetite, sleep, libido

Question 22

Genetics and environment together lead to depression

Answer 22

Stress-Diathesis model