Disorders Flashcards
Autism theory
Biogenic theory: neural connectivity disturbance
Associated w high rates of visual, hearing, learning and not for impairments as well as epilepsy
What increases the risk of an individual becoming autistic?
Genetics Intrauterine events Labor/delivery complications Patterns of neuronal growth/death after birth Fathers advanced age Immunological factors Artificial insemination
Symptoms
Need for sameness/ritualistic behavior Social isolation Abnormal attention Local rather than global aspects Large head circumference Self-injurious behavior
Predicts that the underlying pathophysiologic basis of depression is a depletion in the levels of 5-HT, NA and DA in CNS
Monoamine theory of depression
Block Monoamine repuptake and receptors (5-HT, DA and NA)
Tricyclics
Block presynaptic enzyme that metabolizes Catecholamines and 5-HT into inactive forms
MAOIs (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors)
Blocks reuptake of 5-HT by the presynaptic terminal
SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor)
Certain neurotrophins such as BDNF are depressed during periods of high stress and depression
Neurogenesis increases with BDNF increase
Neurotrophic theory of depression
Treatments of bipolar disorder
Lithium and anti-convulsants
Positive schizophrenia symptoms
Accompany normal behavior, sporadic
Hallucinations
Delusions
Thought disorder
Negative schizophrenia symptoms
Lacking from normal behavior, stable of over time
Lack of drive, social withdrawal, flat affect
Wisconsin card sorting task
Schizophrenics can’t shift their attention to a different card sorting criterion
Suggests that schiz results from excess DA synapses
Dopamine hypothesis of schiz
Hallucinations and delusions resulting from repeated large doses of amphetamines, metamphetamines, or cocaine
Substance-induced psychotic disorder
Schiz drug that relieves positive symptoms of schiz
Chlorpromazine
Drugs that tend to relieve schiz and similar conditions
Antipsychotic/neuroleptic drugs
Schiz drugs that seldom produce movement problems and are more effective at treating negative symptoms
Second generation (atypical) antipsychotics
Suggests the problem of schizophrenia relates partially to deficient acidity at GLU synapses in the PFC
Glutamate hypothesis of schiz
Failure to develop strong long-range connections but have great short-term connections
Disconnection syndrome
Typical depression
Decreased appetite, sleep, libido
Atypical depression
Increased appetite, sleep, libido
Genetics and environment together lead to depression
Stress-Diathesis model
