Chapter 1.1

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

Contains chromosomes

Question 2

Mitochondrion

Answer 2

Performs metabolic activities, providing energy to the cell

Question 3

Ribosomes

Answer 3

Sites at which the cell synthesizes new protein molecules

Question 4

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 4

Network of thin tubes that transport newly synthesized proteins to other locations

Question 5

Motor neuron

Answer 5

Efferent. Receives excitation through its dendrites and conducts impulses along its axon to a muscle

Question 6

Sensory neuron

Answer 6

Afferent. Specialized at one end to a particular type of stimulation

Question 7

Dendrites

Answer 7

Branching fibers lined with synaptic receptors, at which it receives info from other neurons

Question 8

Soma

Answer 8

Cell body that contains nucleus ribosomes and mitochondria

Question 9

Axon

Answer 9

Thin fiber that conveys an impulse toward other neurons, organs or muscles

Question 10

Myelin sheath

Answer 10

Insulating material covering vertebrate axons

Question 11

Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 11

Interruptions in myelin sheath

Question 12

Presynaptic terminal (bouton)

Answer 12

Tip of axon branch that releases chemicals that cross the synapse between 1 neuron and the next

Question 13

Afferent

Answer 13

Brings info into a structure

Question 14

Efferent

Answer 14

Carries info away from a structure

Question 15

Interneurons

Answer 15

A cells dendrites and axon are entirely contained within a single structure; project locally within that structure

Question 16

Projection neurons

Answer 16

Travel long distances (must be myelinated)

Question 17

Pyramidal neurons & spindle neurons

Answer 17

Huge cells in big brains that enable faster communication

Question 18

Glia

Answer 18

Non-neuronal cells that maintain homeostasis, form myelin and provide support and protection for neurons (controls neurons)

Question 19

Astrocytes

Answer 19

Wrap around the pre synaptic terminals of a group of functionally related axons and shields them from chemicals circulating

Regulate blood flow
Synchronize axons

Question 20

Tripartite synapse

Answer 20

Hypothesis that the tip of an axon releases chemicals that cause the neighboring astrocyte to release chemicals of its own, thus modifying/magnifying message to next neuron

Question 21

Microglia

Answer 21

Act as part of the immune system, removing waste material, fungi and viruses from brain

Question 22

Oligodendrocytes & Schwann cells

Answer 22

Build myelin sheaths
Supply axons with nutrients necessary for function

Olg: in brain/multiple neurons
Schwann: in peripheral system/one neuron

Question 23

Radial glia

Answer 23

Guide the migration of neurons and their axons/dendrites during embryonic developmental

Question 24

Blood-brain barrier

Answer 24

Excludes most chemicals from brain

Question 25

Active transport

Answer 25

A protein-mediated process that expands energy to pump chemicals from blood to brain (glucose, amino acids, purines, etc)

Question 26

Korsakoff’s syndrome

Answer 26

Severe memory impairment resulting from chronic alcoholism

Result of prolonged thiamine deficiency

Question 27

Membrane

Answer 27

Surface of cell that separates the inside from outside environment