Learning And Mem Flashcards
Pairing 2 stimuli to change the response to 1 of them
Classical conditioning
An individual’s response leads to a reinforcer or a punishment
Operant (instrumental) conditioning
Hebb’s rule
When cell A repeatedly succeeds in firing cell B, some change occurs that increases cell A’s efficiency in firing on cell B
Long-term potentiation
Long-lasting enhancement in synaptic transmission between 2 neurons that results from stimulating them synchronously
Only synapses on a cell that has been highly active become strengthened
Specificity
Simultaneous stimulation by 2 or more axons produces LTP more strongly than repeated stimulation by 1 axon
Cooperativity
Pairing a weak input with a strong input enhances later responses to a weak input
Associativity
A prolonged decrease in response at a synapse
Long-term depression
An increase in response to a mild stimulus as a result of exposure to a more intense stimulus
Sensitization
A decrease in response to a stimulus that is present repeatedly and accompanied by no change in other stimuli
Habituation
Refers to the way we store info while we are working with it
Working memory
You respond to something you saw or heard a short while ago as a test of working mem
Delayed response task
Inability to form memories for events that happen after brain damage
Anterograde amnesia
Loss of mem for events that occurred before brain damage
Retrograde memory
Memories of factual info
Semantic memory
Memories of single personal events
Episodic memory
Deliberate recall of info that one recognizes as memory
Explicit memory
An influence of experience on behavior
Implicit memory
The development of motor skills and habits
Procedural memory
Brain damage caused by prolonged thiamine deficiency
Korsakoff’s disease
Structures made of damaged brain structures
Plaques
Hippocampus and memory
Critical for encoding and retrieval but not storage
Episodic and spatial mem
Once a circuit has been used to recognize something, it gets stronger so it recognize things more quickly each time
Priming
Cortex keeps track of what you sense very quickly
Sensory buffer
Multiple trace hypothesis of memory
1) sensory buffer
2) short-term memory trace
3) intermediate-term trace
4) long-term trace
Networks are repeated over and over until a memory is organized
Consolidation
Alzheimer’s disease
Accumulation and clumping of amyloid beta proteins and tau protein
Huge loss of neurons and white matter
Pre-synaptic changes to increase AMPA and NMDA
- Increased neurotransmitter release
2. Sprouting of new terminal buttons
Post-synaptic changes to increase AMPA and NMDA
- Increase in post-synaptic receptors
2. Thicker dendritic spines
