Learning And Mem

Question 1

Pairing 2 stimuli to change the response to 1 of them

Answer 1

Classical conditioning

Question 2

An individual’s response leads to a reinforcer or a punishment

Answer 2

Operant (instrumental) conditioning

Question 3

Hebb’s rule

Answer 3

When cell A repeatedly succeeds in firing cell B, some change occurs that increases cell A’s efficiency in firing on cell B

Question 4

Long-term potentiation

Answer 4

Long-lasting enhancement in synaptic transmission between 2 neurons that results from stimulating them synchronously

Question 5

Only synapses on a cell that has been highly active become strengthened

Answer 5

Specificity

Question 6

Simultaneous stimulation by 2 or more axons produces LTP more strongly than repeated stimulation by 1 axon

Answer 6

Cooperativity

Question 7

Pairing a weak input with a strong input enhances later responses to a weak input

Answer 7

Associativity

Question 8

A prolonged decrease in response at a synapse

Answer 8

Long-term depression

Question 9

An increase in response to a mild stimulus as a result of exposure to a more intense stimulus

Answer 9

Sensitization

Question 10

A decrease in response to a stimulus that is present repeatedly and accompanied by no change in other stimuli

Answer 10

Habituation

Question 11

Refers to the way we store info while we are working with it

Answer 11

Working memory

Question 12

You respond to something you saw or heard a short while ago as a test of working mem

Answer 12

Delayed response task

Question 13

Inability to form memories for events that happen after brain damage

Answer 13

Anterograde amnesia

Question 14

Loss of mem for events that occurred before brain damage

Answer 14

Retrograde memory

Question 15

Memories of factual info

Answer 15

Semantic memory

Question 16

Memories of single personal events

Answer 16

Episodic memory

Question 17

Deliberate recall of info that one recognizes as memory

Answer 17

Explicit memory

Question 18

An influence of experience on behavior

Answer 18

Implicit memory

Question 19

The development of motor skills and habits

Answer 19

Procedural memory

Question 20

Brain damage caused by prolonged thiamine deficiency

Answer 20

Korsakoff’s disease

Question 21

Structures made of damaged brain structures

Answer 21

Plaques

Question 22

Hippocampus and memory

Answer 22

Critical for encoding and retrieval but not storage

Episodic and spatial mem

Question 23

Once a circuit has been used to recognize something, it gets stronger so it recognize things more quickly each time

Answer 23

Priming

Question 24

Cortex keeps track of what you sense very quickly

Answer 24

Sensory buffer

Question 25

Multiple trace hypothesis of memory

Answer 25

1) sensory buffer
2) short-term memory trace
3) intermediate-term trace
4) long-term trace

Question 26

Networks are repeated over and over until a memory is organized

Answer 26

Consolidation

Question 27

Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 27

Accumulation and clumping of amyloid beta proteins and tau protein
Huge loss of neurons and white matter

Question 28

Pre-synaptic changes to increase AMPA and NMDA

Answer 28

1. Increased neurotransmitter release

2. Sprouting of new terminal buttons

Question 29

Post-synaptic changes to increase AMPA and NMDA

Answer 29

1. Increase in post-synaptic receptors

2. Thicker dendritic spines