Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology 2220 > Vision > Flashcards

Vision Flashcards

1
Q

Cornea

A

Refracts light at the retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Lens

A

Changes shape to fine-tune the image and further refract light towards the retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Rods

A

More common and see in the dark

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cones

A

Less common but high acuity and see in the day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Horizontal cells

A

Contact photoreceptors and bipolar cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Amacrine cells

A

Contact bipolar and ganglion cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Order of visual processing

A

Rods/cones> bipolar cells> ganglion cells> optic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Fovea

A

Centre region of the retina that has a high density of smaller, tightly packed cones with high acuity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Retina

A

A layer of neurons at the back of the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Optic nerve

A

the collec­tion of ganglion cell axons that extends from the retina to the occipital cortex of the brain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Optic chiasm

A

The point at which parts of the two optic nerves cross the midline.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Optic tract

A

The axons of retinal ganglion cells (form optic nerve) after they have passed the optic chiasm. Most of these axons terminate in the lateral geniculate nucleus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

V1

A

Where most visual information arrives first

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

V2

A

Adjacent to V1, can respond to illusory boundaries and complex relations among parts of the receptive field4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

V4

A

Strong responses to the frequency gratings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

V5

A

Specialized for the perception of motion and its direction

18
Q

On-centre receptive field

A

Light hits the cone and causes glutamate release to decrease, depolarizing the on-centre bipolar cell and increasing its neurotransmitter release. This goes to the on-centre ganglion cell which increases its firing rate.

19
Q

Off-centre receptive field

A

Light hits the cone and causes glutamate release to decrease, hyperpolarizing the off-centre bipolar cell and decreasing its neurotransmitter release. This goes to the off-centre ganglion cell which decreases its firing rate.

20
Q

Hubel & Wiesel’s theoretical model of visual analysis

A

Is hierarchical.

More complex receptive fields are built up from inputs of simpler ones.

21
Q

Visual acuity

A

Sharpness of vision

22
Q

Adaptation

A

Each photoreceptor adjusts its level of sensitivity to match the average ambient level of light.

23
Q

Lateral inhibition

A

The phenomenon by which interconnected neurons inhibit
their neighbours, producing contrast at the edges of regions.

24
Q

Trichromatic hypothesis

A

Three different types of cones (RGB) that each respond to a specific part of the spectrum. Each has its own separate pathway to the brain and color is recognized based on which receptors are activated.

25
Q

Opponent-process hypothesis

A

Four unique hues (blue, green, yellow, red) and three opposed pairs of colours (b&y, g&r, b&w).

26
Q

Dorsal stream

A

Assessing the location of objects (where) and guiding our movements towards them

27
Q

Ventral stream

A

Identifying objects (what)

28
Q

Rhodopsin

A

The photopigment in rods that responds to light.

29
Q

Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)

A

The part of the thalamus that receives information from the optic tract and sends it to visual areas in the occipital cortex.

30
Q

on-center bipolar cell

A

A retinal bipolar cell that is excited by light in the center of its receptive field. know how they work

31
Q

off-center bipolar cell

A

A retinal bipolar cell that is inhibited by light in the center of its receptive field.

32
Q

on-center ganglion cell

A

A retinal ganglion cell that is activated when light is presented to the center, rather than the periphery, of the cell’s receptive field.

33
Q

off-center ganglion cell

A

A retinal ganglion cell that is activated when light is presented to the periphery, rather than the center, of the cell’s receptive field.

34
Q

Amblyopia

A

Reduced visual acuity not caused by optical or retinal damage

35
Q

Optic ataxia

A

Difficulty using vision to reach for and grasp objects

36
Q

Simple cortical cells

A

“Bar detectors” respond to edge or bars of a particular width that is in a specific location in the visual field

37
Q

Complex cortical cells

A

Responds best to bar of a particular width that is in motion anywhere in the field

38
Q

Lateral inhibition

A

Sensory receptor cells inhibit information from the neighbouring receptor cells

39
Q

Scotopic system

A

Rods

40
Q

Photopic system

A

Cones

41
Q

Myopia (nearsightedness)

A

Difficulty seeing distant objects

Psychology 2220 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions