Language

Question 1

Communication

Answer 1

The transmission of information between individuals that occurs in many species

Question 2

Language

Answer 2

What humans use to convey complex messages

Question 3

Recursion

Answer 3

The largest differences between human language and most other communication systems

Question 4

Split brain individuals

Answer 4

Could only verbally report words presented to left hemisphere

Question 5

Dichotic presentation

Answer 5

Delivers different sounds to each ear at the same time

Question 6

Right ear advantage

Answer 6

Right-handed people identify verbal stimuli delivered to the right ear more easily

Question 7

Phonemes

Answer 7

Basic speech sounds

Question 8

Morphemes

Answer 8

Simple units of meaning

Question 9

Semantics

Answer 9

Units of meaning assembled into words with meaning

Question 10

Aphasia

Answer 10

Impairment in language ability caused by a brain injury usually to left hemisphere

Question 11

Paraphasia

Answer 11

A substitution of a word by a sound or wrong word

Question 12

Agraphia

Answer 12

Impairment in writing

Question 13

Alexia

Answer 13

Impairment in reading

Question 14

Apraxia

Answer 14

Motor impairment

Question 15

Broca’s area

Answer 15

Region of the left inferior frontal region involved in speech production

Question 16

Non-fluent (Broca’s) aphasia

Answer 16

Difficulty speaking but has good comprehension of verbal material

Question 17

Hemiplegia

Answer 17

Paralysis of one side of the body

Question 18

Wernicke’s area

Answer 18

Region of the left posterior tempoproparietal cortex involved in speech perception

Question 19

Fluent (Wernicke’s) aphasia

Answer 19

Fluent, meaningless speech accompanied by many paraphasia and minimal language comprehension

Question 20

Global aphasia

Answer 20

Total loss of the ability to understand or produce language

Question 21

Connectionist model of aphasia (Wernicke-Geschwind model)

Answer 21

Deficits result from disconnection between brain regions

Question 22

Arcuate fasciculus

Answer 22

Connects Wernicke’s and Broca’s area. Probably actually terminates in the precentral gyrus though

Question 23

Motor theory of language

Answer 23

Proposes that anterior and posterior left-hemisphere language zones originally evolved as specializations for programming and executing complex movements

Question 24

Passively viewing

Answer 24

Posterior area within the left hemisphere is activated

Question 25

Passively hearing

Answer 25

Temporal lobes are active

Question 26

Repeating word

Answer 26

Motor and supplementary motor cortex is activated

Question 27

Generating associated word

Answer 27

Language related regions of the left hemisphere including Broca’s area are activated

Question 28

Subsong

Answer 28

Human babbling

Question 29

Plastic song

Answer 29

Species specific notes and song elements but not fully formed song production

Question 30

Crystallized song

Answer 30

A fully developed species specific song

Question 31

FOXP2 gene

Answer 31

Is important for the acquisition of language

Question 32

Deep dyslexia

Answer 32

Characterized by semantic errors eg reading the word “cow” as horse

Question 33

Surface dyslexia

Answer 33

The person makes errors when reading