Hormones & Sex

Question 1

Classes of chemical signalling

Answer 1

Endocrine, synapse, pheromone, and allomone

Question 2

Endocrine signalling

Answer 2

Hormone, release into the bloodstream, selectively affects distant target tissues

Question 3

Synapse signalling

Answer 3

chemical signal diffuses a tiny distance across the synaptic cleft and causes a change in the postsynaptic membrane

Question 4

Pheromone signalling

Answer 4

chemicals released outside the body to affect others of the same species

Question 5

Allomone signalling

Answer 5

chemicals release outside the body to affect others of another species

Question 6

Posterior pituitary

Answer 6

Releases (and stores) hormones, but they are synthesized in the hypothalamus and then transported to the posterior pituitary.

Question 7

Anterior pituitary

Answer 7

Makes the hormones it releases called tropic hormones. Controlled by releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus.

Question 8

Tropic hormones

Answer 8

Hormones released by the anterior pituitary

Question 9

Oxytocin

Answer 9

Released by posterior pituitary. Governs reproductive and parenting behaviour, uterine contractions and the milk letdown reflex

Question 10

Vasopressin

Answer 10

Governs water conservation, increased blood pressure and pair-bonds, made in hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary

Question 11

Negative feedback

Answer 11

System output feeds back and inhibits further secretion

Question 12

Proceptive

Answer 12

Female behaviour that establishes, maintains, or promotes sexual interaction.

Question 13

Sequence of sexual arousal in humans

Answer 13

Increasing excitement>plateau>orgasm>resolution.

Question 14

Androgens in males

Answer 14

Crucial for the development of male genitalia in the fetus

Question 15

Testosterone

Answer 15

produced by the fetal testes, is necessary for the formation of male sex organs.

Question 16

Androgens in females

Answer 16

Androgens are produced in the ovaries and adrenal glands and are precursors to estrogen synthesis. They play a role in the function of ovaries and the regulation of the menstrual cycle.

Question 17

Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS)

Answer 17

an XY fetus has a defective gene for the androgen receptor and the embryos tissues do not respond to circulating testosterone so the testes remain internal

Question 18

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)

Answer 18

causes developing females to be exposed to excess androgens before birth so they have some masculinization but ovaries

Question 19

Turners syndrome

Answer 19

a person only has one sex chromosome, a single X, they develop as female

Question 20

Pituitary stalk

Answer 20

Connects the pituitary to the hypothalamus

Question 21

Ovaries produce

Answer 21

Progestins and estrogens

Question 22

4 Ways hormonal and neural systems influence each other

Answer 22

Neural-to-neural

Neural-to-endocrine

Endocrine-to-endocrine

Endocrine-to-neural

Question 23

In estrus

Answer 23

A female is willing to copulate

Question 24

Activation effect

Answer 24

A temporary change in behaviour due to the effects of a hormone

Question 25

Mullein ducts

Answer 25

Develop into fallopian tubes etc. in women and shrink in men

Question 26

Wolffian ducts

Answer 26

Develop into epididymis etc. in men and shrink in women

Question 27

Anti-mulerian hormone (AMH)

Answer 27

Induces the regression of the Mullerian system