The Sensorimotor System Flashcards

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1
Q

Receptive field

A

A region of space in which a stimulus will alter that neurons firing rate

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2
Q

Excitatory regions in the receptive field

A

The area where stimulation increases the neurons firing rate

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3
Q

Inhibitory regions in the receptive field

A

Stimulation decreases or suppresses the neurons firing rate

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4
Q

Pacinian corpuscles

A

Senses vibration and pressure, textures

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5
Q

Meissner’s corpuscle

A

Senses touch and changes in stimuli

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6
Q

Merkel’s discs

A

Senses touch, edges and isolated points. Part of Meissner’s corpuscle

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7
Q

Ruffini corpuscles

A

Senses stretching of the skin

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8
Q

Free nerve endings

A

Sense pain, heat and cold

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9
Q

Sensory adaptation

A

Progressive decrease in a receptors response to a sustained simulation

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10
Q

Phasic receptors

A

Adapt/undergo sensory adaptation

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11
Q

Tonic receptors

A

Do not adapt/undergo sensory adaptation

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12
Q

Dorsal column system

A

Reports touch information to the brain.

Receptors→axons via spinal cord→synapse on neurons in brainstem→go to different regions of the thalamus where they are emphasized or suppressed

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13
Q

Primary motor cortex (M1)

A

Organized like map of the body, change firing rate according to the direction of movement

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14
Q

Nonprimary motor cortex

A

Premotor cortex and supplementary motor area

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15
Q

Premotor cortex

A

Anterior to M1 and activated when motor sequences are guided by external events

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16
Q

Supplementary motor area (SMA)

A

Important for initiation of motor sequences especially preplanned

17
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Picture

18
Q

Sensory-discriminative dimension of pain experience

A

What you feel eg. throbbing

19
Q

Motivational-affective dimension of pain experience

A

What you feel emotionally eg. sickening

20
Q

Cognitive-dimension of pain experience

A

The overall experience eg. mild

21
Q

A-delta fibers

A

Contain TRPM3 which is myelinated, fast conducting and transmits sharp, well-localized pain signals

22
Q

C fibers

A

Contain TRPV1 which are unmyelinated, slower conducting, and transmit dull, diffuse, or burning pain signals

23
Q

Central gray

A

Electrically activates endorphin-mediated pain control systems blocking the pain signal in the spinal cord

24
Q

TENS

A

The delivery of electrical pulses through electrodes attached to the skin, which excite nerves that supply the region to which pain
is referred.

25
Q

Pyramidal system (corticospinal)

A

The motor system that includes neurons within the cerebral cortex and their axons, which form the pyramidal tract. Lesions cause paralysis in controlled muscles.

26
Q

Extrapyramidal system

A

Includes basal ganglia and some closely related brainstem structures. Axons of this system pass into the spinal cord outside the pyramids of the medulla. Lesions interfere with spinal reflexes and fine-tune motor control

27
Q

Proprioception

A

The collection of information about body movements and position in space

28
Q

Muscle spindle

A

Responds to stretch, buried in muscles

29
Q

Golgi tendon organs

A

Sensitive to tension, detects overloads that may tear muscle

30
Q

Huntingtons disease

A

Caused by damage to the caudate and putamen. Characterized by excessive movement, clumsiness and twitches of fingers/face.

31
Q

Parkinsons disease

A

Loss of dopaminergic cells in substantia nigra. Characterized by slowed movement, tremors, and reduced facial expressions.

32
Q

Primary somatosensory cortex (S1)

A

Where sensory inputs from the body surface are mapped. Receives touch information from opposite side of body, Cells are organized in sensory homunculus

33
Q

Central modulation of sensory information

A

The process in which higher brain centers, such as the cortex and thalamus, suppress some sources of sensory information and amplify others.

34
Q

Neuropathic pain

A

Pain that persists long after the injury that started it has
healed.

35
Q

Electromyography (EMG)

A

The electrical recording of muscle activity.

36
Q

Antagonist muscle

A

A muscle that counteracts the effect of another muscle.

37
Q

Synergist muscle

A

A muscle that acts together with another muscle.