Vision 1

Question 1

Who says vision is innate

Answer 1

Descartes

Question 2

Who says vision is learnt

Answer 2

Berkeley

Question 3

What did Wundt say vision is based on?

Answer 3

Perception arises from combining indivisible elements called sensory atoms which is coded in the retina. The direct correspondence between the retina and conscious awarenesss with no recourse to internal mental representstikns. Theory based on introspection

Question 4

What did behaviorism argue?

Answer 4

Behavior is driven by environment rather than internal mental processes. It is a passive resonance with incoming info

Question 5

What is Gibsons 1966 theory of direct perception

Answer 5

Visual behavior is based on detecting stable, unchanging aspects of the visual environment which he called perceptual invariants
Two types are optic flow (judge speed/direction) and texture (judge depth)
It comes from perceiving the wholistic image to see objects that can’t be inferred from the parts. Conveyed by light entering the eyes

Question 6

What is the behaviorist model

Answer 6

Environment leads to behavior and sensory perceptions/memories/beliefs /emotion/ideas

Question 7

What is the cognitive model?

Answer 7

Environment leads to sensory perceptions/memories… to behaviour
Cognition consists of an orderly series of mental events that actively reconstruct the retinal input. This is the detection of perceptual invariants. These can be studied through experiments

Question 8

How do we know our view is an interpret of visual works not a physical copy?

Answer 8

Visual illusions,ambitious figures (if lerfeothon was determined by pattern hitting the eye could only see one thing
Impossible figures

Question 9

What did newton 1672 do

Answer 9

Discovered light can be spilt in to colours from different part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
These are captured by cones red, green and blue

Question 10

Facts about the human retina

Answer 10

Over 7 million cones and 125 million rods in the retina
Each cone/rod responds differently to light from different parts of the visual fields
The point all nerves converge is a blind spot in the retina

Question 11

Golden eagles compare to human vision

Answer 11

Can see things moving from a mile away
A buzzards vision is 6-8 times better than ours
They have v large eyes to maximize amount hitting the retina. Buzzards gave 1000000 receptors per mm2 we have 200000mm2
They have high curvature in the fovea
Fewer blood veseels in the retina so incoming light is less scattered

Question 12

What are the three layers of the human retina?

Answer 12

Photoreceptors, bipolar cell and ganglion cell layers

Question 13

What is the photoreceptors layer made up of?

Answer 13

Rods and cones

Question 14

What is the bio polar cell layer made up of

Answer 14

amacrine cells and horizontal cells

Question 15

What is ganglion cells leather?

Answer 15

Ganglion cells. AP from light absorbtion is submitted here

Mango cellular cells are sensitive to motion parvo cellular cells are sensitive to light intensity

Question 16

What are receptive fields?

Answer 16

Each photoreceptor is sensitive to a small area of the visual field. This stimulates adjacent areas of the visual field. Topographical organisation. Primary visual cortex preserves it but higher areas normally lose it

Question 17

What are some gestalt principles

Answer 17

Similarity, proximity, good continuiation, closure, connectedness, common ground

Question 18

What did wilkinson and Halligan 2002 do?

Answer 18

Low inter-distractor similarity activates the brain more than high inter-distracted similarity

Question 19

What is temporal oarietal damage do?

Answer 19

Damages global/local perception

Question 20

How does texture help

Answer 20

Helps organise the perceptual world look for natural discontinuitie. It is immediate and effortless

Question 21

process of incoming light

Answer 21

The light is absorbed by retinal photoreceptors which, via a process known as isomerization, immediately discharge an action potential
The action potential is transmitted to ganglion cells and thereon to the optic nerve and brain
Adjacent photoreceptors are sensitive to adjacent areas of the visual field. We refer to this organisation as topographical.