Episodic Memory

Question 1

Type of magnetic stimulation

Answer 1

TMS

Question 2

Type of electrical stimulation

Answer 2

Deep brain stimulation, transcranial electrical stimulation (TES)-tDCS and tACS

Question 3

About TES

Answer 3

TES modulates the threshold of firing neurons. It can excite/inhibit then depending on the protocol. Doesn’t induce firing

Question 4

What is episodic memory?

Answer 4

The ability to form rapidly form conscious memories of experience

Question 5

What is chronedthesia?

Answer 5

A hypothetical brain/mind ability/capacity acquired through evolution. Allows people to be constantly aware of past/future. Work of tulving

Question 6

What is context reinstatement?

Answer 6

Retrieval is dependent on encoding and retrieval information.
Thompson and tulving 1973. Recognize bee…

Question 7

What did Godwin et al 1969 do?

Answer 7

Better recalling in the same state- drunk/sober

Question 8

What did Morris bransford and franks 1977 do?

Answer 8

Can’t be passive interaction, need to actively engage. With rhyme/semantic words which recall is better. 20% higher semantic

Question 9

What did wheeler et al 2000 do

Answer 9

Visual memories activists the visual association cortex, remembering auditory info activated auditory cortex

Question 10

What did nairne 2002 do?

Answer 10

I correlation between encoding retrieval match and memory success. Memory retrieval involves discrimination between highly similar traces. Low cue distinctiveness e.g. Who did I see the women I saw with glasses yesterday. High distinctiveness do you recognize this person? Recognize it the most when have high cue trace overlap and high distinctiveness

Question 11

What did mandler 1980 do?

Answer 11

Familarity: assessment of memory strength of a particular item
Recollection: retrieval of contextual details associated with that item

Question 12

What is dual process and single process?

Answer 12

Dual process: familarity and recollection are independent
Single process: familarity is a weak from of recollection
Learn about this through neuroimaging

Question 13

What’s the DM paradigm? Ranganath et al 2004?

Answer 13

Hipposcamohs is involved with recognition and memory. Encode words-scan them when presented in red/green.
Recognition is in Perihinal cortex

Question 14

What did Eldridge et al 2000 do?

Answer 14

Participants only rememebetrf responses activated by the hippocampus

Question 15

The is the hippocampus as a binding hub?

Answer 15

Binds low level features and item memories into highly differentiated unique episodic memories

Question 16

What did Tulving and pearl stone 1966 propose?

Answer 16

Available vs accessible

Don’t have enough cues

Question 17

What did coon 2009 do?

Answer 17

Only retain 50% of info after 1 hour, 6 days later 30%…

Interference increases with no of days

Question 18

What is retriavk induced forgetting paradigm?

Answer 18

By Anderson and bjok 1994.
Learn multiple categories explemers practice them. Test then showed impaired memory for exemplars in same caragory but not differenct

Question 19

What did Nadel and land 2000 do?

Answer 19

Reactivating memory and chemical that impairs memory formation can wipe memory. Suggest activated memories become instable.

Question 20

What did deese 1959 do?

Answer 20

Semantically induced false memories. False memory through semantic associations e.g. Given a list of words to do with a chair, participants will falsely remember chair

Question 21

What is imagination inflation?

Answer 21

Imagining different events increases participants confidence it occurred.
Study phase: word and imagine picture, then ask if saw a pic of it. They did sometimes

Question 22

What did Wagner et al 2005 find?

Answer 22

Similar activation in true and false memories

Question 23

What is loftus misinformation effect 1974

Answer 23

Loftus and palmer car crash, hit or smashed and later did you see broken glass