Language

Question 1

What is language?

Answer 1

A system for communication -but not the same as communication. Humans have a system of symbols/rules for combining things to produce meaning. You have to interpret the words in a structured way.

Question 2

What are the functions of language?

Answer 2

Communicator, expresses needs a response, being able to describe things…

Question 3

What is phonology and how many are there?

Answer 3

Sound

40

Question 4

What is semantics

Answer 4

Meaning

Question 5

What is morphology

Answer 5

Internal structure e.g. Slow-ly

Question 6

What is syntax

Answer 6

How you join words up

Question 7

How many words do speakers produce a second

Answer 7

2/3

Question 8

What is semantic memory?

Answer 8

Knowledge of what words represent at a conceptual level

Question 9

What is pragmatic knowledge?

Answer 9

Infer beyond the literal meaning, interpret ambiguous sentences

Question 10

What is bottom up processing?

Answer 10

Processing based on information from the outside world, deals with info and had little use of higher level knowledge

Question 11

What is top down processing?

Answer 11

Individuals prior knowledge, expectations rn information guide information intake

Question 12

What did fodor (1983) produce and explain

Answer 12

Molecular model of language.
Says Language processing is made up of different independent modules e.g. Semantic, lexical…
Processing occurs in a serial fashion and processing is bottom up

Question 13

Ebarmodel did McClelland and rumbelhart 1981 make?

Answer 13

Language processing modules interact, many types of info were used in Parallel, with too down or bottom up

Question 14

What is segmentation

Answer 14

The difficulty delegating words from the pattern of speech sounds e.g. Ice cream/I scream
Can also occur within words

Question 15

What’s coarticulatjkn?

Answer 15

The way in which a phoneme is produced depends on the phonemes preceding/following it
It helps predict the phoneme coming next, but phonemes will sound different for different words so harder to recognize

Question 16

What did McGurk and MacDonald 1976 do?

Answer 16

Videotape someone saying ga, q voice saying ba

Particiaptanfs report hearing da

Question 17

What is the phoneme restoration effect. H warren and warren 1970?

Answer 17

Hear a sentence with a noise covering a word, participants report whatever word fits within the sentence

Question 18

What’s the cohort model by marlsen-Wilson and Tyler 1980?

Answer 18

A sequence of sounds is heard. Input initially activates lots of potential words, words deactivate as hear more of it, best fitting word wins. Tip down influences

Question 19

What is word superiority effect?

Answer 19

A letter in a word is beyyer recalled than a non word or signal letter

Question 20

What did McClelland and Rumblehart (1981) create?

Answer 20

Interactive activation model.
Interactive because connections can activate/inhibit
Top down from real words on to one letter

Question 21

What is a lexical decision task (LDT)

Answer 21

Used to study semantic priming l, presenting related/unrelated words to participant. Related words activate each other. ERPs show this as peak is 400ms earlier.
The amount of N400 reflects the amount of semantic info that’s already active