Visceral Nervous System

Question 1

Visceral nerves turn into what two nervous systems?

Answer 1

Sympathetic (Thoracolumber) Parasympathetic (Craniosacral)

Question 2

Where does the sympathetic system reside?

Answer 2

Thoracolumbar regions

Question 3

Two functions of the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 3

Increased metabolism and alertness

Question 4

The nickname of the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 4

“Fight or Flight”

Question 5

Parasympathetic regions reside where?

Answer 5

Cranial and Sacral Regions

Question 6

Function of parasympathetic system?

Answer 6

Energy conservation

Question 7

Nickname of parasympathetic system?

Answer 7

Rest and Digest

Question 8

What saying does the sympathetic system cause?

Answer 8

Heart in the pit of the stomach feeling.

Question 9

What saying does the parasympathetic system cause?

Answer 9

Once the brain takes over “Get your head back” or “get your head straight on your shoulder”

Question 10

What 8 physiological symptoms are caused by the sympathetic system?

Answer 10

1. Pulls blood from skin and digestive system. 2. Sends blood to skeletal muscles. 3. Increase energy production by skeletal muscles. 4. Release adipose 5. Contract erector pilli (Hair stands on end) 6. Pupils open. 7. Increase heart rate. 8. Respiratory system opens (+O2)

Question 11

Sympathetic nerve pathway when staying on the same level. 4 steps

Answer 11

1. Preganglionic neurons: Lateral horn of gray matter.
2. Preganlionic fibers : White ramus communicans
3. Synapse in Sympathetic chain (Ganglion).
4. Postganglionic fibers: Gray ramus communicans.

Question 12

Sympathetic pathway when changing spinal levels.

Answer 12

When the signal reaches the ganglion, it can go up or down the sympathetic trunk. It can synapse on any of those levels.

Question 13

Why do nerves change levels?

Answer 13

Allows axons to innervate from all levels to protect from damage.

Question 14

What are splanchnic nerves?

Answer 14

Preganglion fibers that do not synapse through the trunk and ganglia and gather at ganglia in the abdomen and pelvic regions. Levels T5 to L2.

Question 15

Splanchnic nerves gather at ganglia located where?

Answer 15

Ganglia located around roots of major arteries that branch from abdominal aorta.

Question 16

The ganglia at the abdominal aorta begin what kind of plexus?

Answer 16

Prevertebral plexus.

Question 17

Where do postganglionic fibers in the prevertebral plexus lead?

Answer 17

They travel along arteries to viscera in the abdomen and pelvis.

Question 18

The Parasympathetic System does what physiologically? 8 things.

Answer 18

1. Pupil constriction 2. Enables digestion. 3. Increased smooth muscle activity 4. Bowels are stimulated and coordinated. 5. Contraction of urinary bladder. 6. Respiratory passages are contricted.(Normal) 7. Low heart rate. 8. Sexual arousal.

Question 19

Are post ganglionic nerve fibers always necessary?

Answer 19

No. In the abdomen and pelvic region, many ganglion are in the tissues or the signal is embedded in the muscle.

Question 20

What is the name of the nervous system in the intestine, and how is it remarkable?

Answer 20

Enteric Nervous System. Ganglia are embedded throughout the colon innervating the tissue directly.

Question 21

What are the names of the Splanchnic nerve levels and their vertebral associations?

Answer 21

Greater Splanchnic Nerve – T5 to T9

Lesser Splanchnic Nerve – T9 to T10

Least Splanchnic Nerve – T12

Lumbar Splanchnic Nerve – L1 to L2