Thoracic and Abdominal Walls

Question 1

What is the surface anatomy of the Thorax? (include spinal levels)

Answer 1

Question 2

There are how many ribs?

Answer 2

10

Question 3

The first rib is unique. Why?

Answer 3

It does not have costal cartilage.

Rigid, no movement.

Hidden by the Clavicle

Question 4

What develops in the breast as the breast grows?

Answer 4

Glandular system develops as breast grows in puberty.

Question 5

Name the four tissue types of the female breast.

Answer 5

1. Glandular
2. Connective tissue
3. Fat
4. Vascular Structure

Question 6

What glandular tissue connect the glands to the nipple of the female breast?

Answer 6

Lactiferous Ducts.

Question 7

What connective tissue holds the female breast upright and taught?

Answer 7

Suspensatory Ligaments.

Question 8

What are the names or structures within the breast?

Nipple, blood supply, Lymphatic Drainage.

Answer 8

Nipple–Areola.

Blood–Internal thoracic artery. (Medial mammary branches)

Lateral thoracic artery (Lateral mammary branches)

Lymph–Bilateral auxillary nodes in the armpits.

Question 9

What are the parts of the sternum?

Answer 9

Manubrium –Jugular notch (T2-T3)

Body–Sternal Angle (T4-T5)

Xiphoid Process (T8-T9)

Question 10

Name the three types of costals and why they have that name.

Answer 10

True costals (1-7) Individual cartilage section

False costals (8-10) Share cartilage with rib above it.

Floating costals (11-12) No cartilage.

Question 11

Name the different features of a costal bone. 7

Answer 11

Question 12

What is the name of cartilage in ribs and what type of cartilage is it?

Answer 12

Costal Cartilage.

Hyaline Cartilage.

Question 13

How does the rib articulate with the vertebra?

Answer 13

Question 14

Answer 14

Question 15

Innervation and action of pectoralis major.

Answer 15

Question 16

Answer 16

Pectoralis Minor

Question 17

Attachments, Innervation and Action of pectoralis minor

Answer 17

Attachments:
Ribs
Scapula (Coracoid Process)

Innervation:
Medial Pectoral nerve/s

Action:
Scapular stabilization
Some protraction (Pulls scapula forward and pushes arms forward.)

Question 18

Attachments of Pectoralis Major

Answer 18

Sternum

Clavicle

Humerus

Question 19

What is the purpose of the twisting motion of the pectoralis major?

Answer 19

Twisting keeps things from crushing us.

Question 20

What is the cartilage structure of the joints connecting ribs and vertebra?

Answer 20

Fibrocartilage disc in the join.

Hyaline cartilage over bones.

Question 21

Describe the innervation path to both Pectoralis major and minor.

Answer 21

Lateral Pectoral Nerve goes to P. Major only.

Medial Pectoral Nerve goes to both P. Major and Minor.

Question 22

Answer 22

Subclavius Muscle

Question 23

Attachments

Innervation

Action

of Subclavius Muscle

Answer 23

1. Attachments–1st rib, Middle 1/3 of clavicle
2. Innervation–Nerve to the subclavius
3. Action–Anchors clavicle–maybe. We don’t really know.

Question 24

Answer 24

Serratus Anterior

Question 25

Serratus Anterior Attachment Innervation Action

Answer 25

1. Attachment--Ribs, Medial boarder of scapula 2. Innervation--Long Thoracic Nerve (Nerve on the outside of the muscle. ) C5-7 (5, 6, 7, Spread your wings and go to heaven.) 3. Action--Protracts the scapula and holds it againg the thoracic wall. (Runs under scapula to vertebral edge. Holds scapula down.)

Question 26

Winging scapula causes

Answer 26

Weak serratus anterior Damage to long thoracic nerve. (Also causes innability to raise arms above 90 degrees.)

Question 27

Intercostal Muscles Function Names

Answer 27

1. Between adjacent ribs Prevent “bowing” of thorax during breathing. 2. External Hands in front pocket 3. Internal Hands in back pocket

Question 28

Interior intercostal Muscles What are they? What do they do?

Answer 28

1.Transverse Thoracis Sternum – ribs Weak expiration Actions Raise ribs Inspiration 2.Innermost Intercostal muscles Lower ribs Expiration

Question 29

Intercostal space Where is it? What is there?

Answer 29

It's the space under the costal groove and just above the superior part of the costal. V-A-N Intercostal Vein. Intercostal Artery, (From aorta) Intercostal Neuron

Question 30

Adbominal Wall Surface features.

Answer 30

Rectus Abdominus Tendinous insertions. External oblique Anterior, superior iliac spine Linea alba Linea semilunaris

Question 31

Answer 31

Subclavian Vein Big vein on top of lung on model.

Question 32

Answer 32

1, Skin-Thick 2. Superficial fascia --Camper's fascia (like a pillow) 3. Superficial fascia--Scarpa's fascia 4. Deep fascia 5. Transversalis fascia 6. Subserous fascia 7. Peritoneum--Under abs, holds in organs.

Question 33

Functions and Innervation of Musculature of abdominal wall

Answer 33

Functions: Support and protection Trunk flexion, lateral bending of vertebral column. Increasing intra-abdominal pressure Innervation: Intercostal nerves (7-11) Subcostal (T12)

Question 34

Answer 34

Rectus abdominus External oblique Internal oblique Transversus abdominis Inguinal ligament Rectus sheath Tedinous Intersections Linea Alba

Question 35

Rectus Abdominus Features and attachments

Answer 35

"Straight" muscle of abdomen (most anterior) Pubis to Xyphoid and cartilages of ribs 5-7 Tendinous intersections. (Divide abs) Extend laterally from linea alba Linea semilunaris

Question 36

External Oblique Featurs and connections 4

Answer 36

Forms inguinal ligament (Divides pelvis from legs--fascia) Attached from ASIS to pubic tubercle. Aponeurosis contributes to rectus sheath (Surround abs, hold tight to ab cavity.) Contributes coverings to inguinal canal Fibers arranged in same direction as external intercostals.

Question 37

Internal Oblique Features and Connections 3

Answer 37

Forms portion of inguinal canal Forms portion of rectus sheath Contributes to coverings of permatic cord/fascia

Question 38

Transverse Abdominus Features and Connections (4)

Answer 38

Forms portion of inguinal canal Provides coverings of testis and spermatic cord Fibers arranged in transverse fashion Blood vessels and nerves travel between this muscle and internal abdominal oblique.

Question 39

Rectus sheath--how does it cover the abominus rectus?

Answer 39

Completely encloses up 3/4 rectus abdominus Covers only Anterior surface to lower 1/4 muscle

Question 40

End of posterior layer of rectus sheath.

Answer 40

Arcuate Line