The Back Part 2

Question 1

Pedicles do what?

Answer 1

Support Laminae

Question 2

Transverse process’s functions are what?

Answer 2

Limit rotation

Question 3

Intervertebral Discs work like what? How does this function benefit the disc?

Answer 3

Works like a sponge. Movement rehydrates discs, flushes, and re-nutrients.

Question 4

What happens when a disc herniates?

Answer 4

Pulposes push out through the hole of the fibroses.

Question 5

What happens if a disc ruptures?

Answer 5

All fluid goes out of pulposes. The spine is then fused.

Question 6

Schwann cells not only myolinate, what else do they do?

Answer 6

Schwann cells help nerves recover from injury in PNS.

Question 7

What happens to tissue in a central nervous tissue injury?

Answer 7

CNS injury kills all remaining distal tissue. No recovery or fix of this tissue.

Question 8

Name the three layers of the meninges and their translation from outermost to innermost layer.

Answer 8

Dura mater–Tough mother
Arachnoid mater - Spider mother
Pia mater–Tender mother

Question 9

What is significant about where the Pia mater is located?

Answer 9

The pia mater is like cyran wrap cover over the spinal cord and brain.

Question 10

Describe epidural space.

Answer 10

Space between the bone and outermost meninges.

Contains fat and veins,

Question 11

What is in Subarachnoid space, and why is this significant?

Answer 11

Contains cerebrospinal fluid. Subarachnoid space extends into the lower spine beyond vertebra L1 and L2 where the Spinal cord ends. Cerebrospinal fluid can be extracted from these lower layers without fear of harming the spinal cord.

Question 12

What are the two names of the space between dura mater and arachnoid mater?

Answer 12

Subdural space and Potential space

Question 13

Ganglion

Answer 13

A bunch of neurons in PNS

Question 14

Nucleus

Answer 14

A bunch of neurons in CNS

Question 15

Motor axons travel down what root?

Answer 15

Anterior root

Question 16

Sensory axons travel down what root?

Answer 16

Posterior root

Question 17

When anterior and posterior roots combine, what is that part of the nerve called?

Answer 17

Spinal nerve proper

Question 18

What ligament holds the head up?

Answer 18

Ligamentum Nuchae

Question 19

Where does the ligamentum nuchae attach?

Answer 19

External occipital protuberance

C7 vertebra

Question 20

Describe the External Occipital Protuberance

Answer 20

nodule at the base of the skull that sticks out. Several ligaments and muscles attach here.

Question 21

describe Superior nuchal line

Answer 21

the ridge above the indentations sitting next to the external occipital protuberance.

Question 22

Describe the Mastoid Process

Answer 22

The protuberance of bone just underneath the ear. Site for attachments.

Question 23

Name the three points of interest in the scapula

Answer 23

The Acromion–articulates with the shoulder. Most lateral.
Spine of the scapula–runs the superior length of the scapula.
Vertebral border–the most medial side of the scapula.