Histology--Connective Tissue

Question 1

Three components of Connective Tissues (CT)

Answer 1

Specialized cells
Extracellular protein fibers
Ground Substance (fluid)
(Fibers + Substance = Matrix)

Question 2

6 Functions of CT

Answer 2

Structural framework of the body
Transporting fluid and dissolved materials
Protect delicate organs
Support, surround, and connect other tissues
Store energy
Defend the body from microorganisms

Question 3

4 Types of CT

Answer 3

Connective Tissue Proper (Loose and Dense)
Fluid CT (Blood and Lymph)
Supportive (Cartilage & Bone)

Question 4

Characteristics of CT Proper

Answer 4

Loose (areolar) CT
superficial fascia
Low fiber population
collagen
elastic (both produced by fibroblasts)
Numerous specialized cell types
Most associated with inflammatory response

Question 5

Describe a Mast Cell

Answer 5

Similar to basophils

Cytoplasm contains granules of vasoactive amines (histamine–blood vessel dilation, heparin-prevent clot formation)

Question 6

Describe Macrophage

Answer 6

Phagocytosis of invaders or debris
Derived from monocyte
Fixed or free
Antigen presenting cell (Alerts nervous system)

Question 7

Plasma Cell

Answer 7

Derive from B-lymphocyte
Produces ANTIBODIES
“clock face” appearance

Question 8

Adipose Tissue

Answer 8

Fat CONTAINING cell
Appears empty
It is CT with a high concentration of adipocytes
Protection and heat
Sites eventually disappear over time

Question 9

Dense Regular Connective Tissue Location

Answer 9

Location: Tendon, aponeuroses, ligaments. Elastic Tissue

Question 10

Dense Regular CT Function of 4 types

Answer 10

Tendons: Connect muscle to bone
Aponeuroses: Connect muscle to muscle or covers entire muscle
Ligaments: Connect bone to bone
Elastic: Stablilzes the vertabrea

Question 11

Dense Regular CT matrix

Answer 11

Fibers

Question 12

Dense Irregular CT Location, function, matrix

Answer 12

Location: Nerve and muscle
Function: provide strength
Matrix: Fibers

Question 13

Blood

Answer 13

Plasma represent extracellular matrix 55% of blood
Cellular volume is 45% (hematocrit–particles)
Contains water, proteins, electrolytes and hormones.
Erythrocytes and Leukocytes

Question 14

Erythrocytes (red blood cells)

Answer 14

Oxygen and Carbon dioxide transport
Bi-concave disce 7-8 micrometers
no organelles
Hemoglobin to transport O & CO2
Produced in bone marrow (120 day lifespan, removed in spleen)

Question 15

Leukocytes (white blood cells)

Answer 15

Larger cells
Fewer in # than erythrocytes
Produced in bone marrow
Classified as granulocytes and agranulocytes

Question 16

Neutrophil (granulocyte)

Answer 16

most common granulocyte
10-12 micro meters in diameter
Multilobed nucleus -- 3
Phagocytic-eats  lysosomes
can migrate into CT

Question 17

Eosinophil (granulocyte)

Answer 17

similar to neutrophil, bi-lobed nucleus, dense, bright red, number of granules
regulates inflammatory response

Question 18

Basophil (granulocyte)

Answer 18

Least common granulocyte,
Dark granules (histamine, heparin, hydrolytic enzymes)
Nucleus is lobulated but obscured
Functions in inflammation and anaphylaxis (similar to mast cell)

Question 19

Lymphocyte (agranulocyte)

Answer 19

Repair tissue Damage
Most common
T-Type (most common) produced in bone marrow and thymus.
Phagocytic
B-Type-bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes

Question 20

Monocyte

Answer 20

Largest leukocyte, deeply indented nucleus
circulates 3 days.
Creates fixed and free macrophages
Creates osteoclasts

Question 21

Platelets

Answer 21

Cell particles
come from megakaryocyte
assist in clot formation

Question 22

3 Types of Cartilage

Answer 22

Hyaline cartilage–joints
Elastic cartilage–ear
Fibrous cartilage–strong. intervertebral discs

Question 23

Found in joints, trachea, most of fetal skeleton

Perichondrium is adjoining membrane

Answer 23

Hyaline Cartilage

Question 24

Elastin fibers observed within matrix (similar to hyaline)

Pinna of ear, nose, some cartilages of larynx

Answer 24

Elastic Cartilage

Question 25

Type 1 collagen fibers within matrix

Found in areas need great strength (intervertebral discs)

Answer 25

Fibrocartilage

Question 26

Definition of bones

Answer 26

Organ of the skeletal system

Question 27

4 morphological types of bone

Answer 27

Long bone
Short bones
Flat Bone
Irregular

Question 28

This CT type holds things together

Answer 28

Dense Regular Connective tissue

Question 29

The concentration of red blood cells in blood.

Answer 29

Hematocrit

Question 30

Osteocyte

Answer 30

Neuron cells within bone.

Communicates nutrient and structural needs

Question 31

Osteoblast

Answer 31

Builds bone,

Installs Calcium

Question 32

Osteoclast

Answer 32

Breaks down bone.

Question 33

Neuron cells within bone.

Communicates nutriend and structural needs

Answer 33

Osteocyte

Question 34

Builds bone

Installs Calcium

Answer 34

Osteoblast

Question 35

Breaks down bone

Answer 35

Osteoclast

Question 36

Periostium

Answer 36

Outer covering

Also covered by hyaline cartilage in joints

Question 37

Outer covering

Has nerves

Answer 37

Periosteum

Question 38

Endosteum

Answer 38

Lines marrow cavity of hollow bones
Red marrow is actively producing blood cells
Yellow Marrow is inactive with high concentrations of fat

Question 39

Line bone marrow cavity

Answer 39

Endosteum