Viruses to Know Flashcards
Acute (transient) infections (7)
Measles
Mumps
Poliovirus
West Nile virus
Viral hemorrhagic fevers: Ebola, Marburg, Lassa
Latent (Herpesviruses) viruses (3)
Herpes simplex virus
Varicella zoster virus
Cytomegalovirus
What are chronic productive viruses?
Viruses that cannot be removed from the body, so they remain virulent over a lifetime.
HBV and HIV are examples.
Transforming viruses (4)
EBV
HPV
HBV
HTLV-1
Poliovirus:
Transmission:
Most patients…
DX how?
Anatomy, replication:
Causes an acute systemic viral infection and leads to a wide range of SX from mild infections to paralysis of muscles and diaphragm. Can, but rarely, invades the CNS and cause poliomyelitis.
Transmitted via the F-O route.
Most tend to be asymptomatic.
DX can be done via viral culture, PCR or serology.
Pos. ssDNA, naked icosahedral symmetry, replicates in cytoplasm.
West Nile virus:
Carried by:
Who transmits it?
DX how?
Acute systematic infection that can lead to a mild self-limited infection or neuroinvasion and long-term effects.
It is an arbovirus, so it comes from an arthropod.
Birds.
Serology.
Influenza A vs. B
A is human and animal and is epidemic.
B is human only.
Influenza virus anatomy, replication:
Virulence factors:
SX:
Neg. ssRNA, with lipid envelope, helical, replicates in nucleus.
Hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein: binds to RBC and cells of URT.
Neuramidase (NA): breaks down mucin (neuraminic acid)
Fever, runny nose. Secondary bacterial pneumonia. Increased mortality in elderly pts. w/ pulm/cardiac DZ.
Respiratory syncytial virus anatomy, replication:
Virulence factor:
It is the most common cause of:
What other infection occurs in kids with RSV?
Neg. ssRNA, with lipid envelope, helical, replicates in cytoplasm.
F protein –> multinucleated giant cells (syncytial cells).
Pneumonia in infants less than 6 mo.
Acute OM occurs in 33% of kids w/ RSV.
Mumps anatomy, replication:
Virulence factors:
SX:
Neg. ssRNA, with lipid envelope, helical, replicates in cytoplasm.
Glycoproteins (combined HA, NA activity) and F protein.
Parotid gland swelling, testicular inflammation, meningitis, ecephalitis.
Measles anatomy, replication:
Virulence factors:
SX:
Complications:
Neg. ssRNA, with lipid envelope, helical, replicates in cytoplasm.
HA, but no NA. F-protein.
Prodrome (high fever, cough, conjuctivitis). Koplik’s spots (red-based blue-white spots in mouth). Rash on head, neck and torso.
Pneumonia, fetal death in pregnancy, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.
Hep A anatomy
What is unique about it in terms of the Heps.?
Transmission:
SX:
Pos. ssRNA, non-enveloped, icosahedral.
It is the only non-chronic Hep.
Fecal-oral.
Acute viral hep. (fever, jaundice, enlarged liver).
Anti-HAV IgM = active DZ
Anti-HAV IgG = old DZ, protective against future DZ.
Hep C anatomy
Transmission:
SX:
Increased risk for:
What to screen for?
Leading cause for:
ssRNA, enveloped icosahedral capsid.
Blood transfusion, needle stick, sex, across placenta.
Acute viral hep. -> 85% will be chronic, 20% develop cirrhosis.
Primary hepatocellular carcinoma.
Anti-HCV Abs.
Liver transplant in US.
Cocksackie A anatomy, replication:
SX:
Pos. ssRNA, naked icosahedral symmetry, replicates in cytoplasm.
“Cold” rashes, viral meningitis.
Herpanina: fever, sore throat and small red vesicles on back of pts. throat.
Hand foot and mouth DZ: kids less than 5. Vesicles on hands, feet, mouth and highly contagious.
Cocksackie B anatomy, replication:
SX:
Pos. ssRNA, naked icosahedral symmetry, replicates in cytoplasm.
Viral meningitis.
Myocarditis/pericarditis
Pleurodynia: fever with pleuritic CP.
Rotavirus anatomy:
Transmission:
SX:
Most common cause of:
dsDNA, naked icosahedral symmetry.
F-O route.
Viral GE (fever, diarrhea, abdominal pain, etc.)
Diarrhea in infants less than 3 y/o. 50% of infant diarrhea in US requiring hospitalization.
Rhabdovirus (Rabies) anatomy, replication:
Transmission:
SX:
Death from:
What must be present to make a DX?
Bullet-shaped, Neg. ssRNA, replicates in cytoplasm.
Animal bite.
Prodrome
Acute encephalitis*
Brainstem ecephalitis*
Respiratory center dysfunction
Negri bodies, which are found in the cytoplasm.
Yellow fever NA:
SX:
DX:
Pos. ssRNA
Hepatitis w/ jaundice
Fever
Backache
Viral culture, serology
Dengue NA:
SX:
Repeat infections increase risk of:
Nonsegmented RNA.
“Break bone fever” -> fever, HA, muscle, joint and backaches.
Hemorrhagic form of Dengue.
Most common cause of the common cold
Rhinovirus
Orthomyxoviridae
Influenza
Paramyxoviridae
RSV
Mumps
Measles
Flaviviridae
Yellow fever
Dengue
Picorna viruses: Enteroviruses and Rhinoviruses
Poliovirus
Cocksackie A/B
Rhinovirus
