Infectious Disease Etc. 1 Flashcards
Serum cold agglutinins causes cells to do what?
What infection is it associated with?
RBCs to clump.
Mycoplasma
What is the most common cause of primary atypical pneumonia?
Mycoplasma
Indolent organisms generally:
Culture and stain poorly.
They are typically inactive.
Staph aureas generally manifests how in healthy people?
Skin and hair manifestations: boils, rashes, etc.
What test should be used to discern Staph vs. Strep infections?
Catalase.
Staph are catalase positive.
Strep are catalase negative.
Most common cause of bladder infections:
E. coli
Respiratory system bacterial infections (6)
S. pyogenes - pharyngitis C. diphtheria - diphtheria B. pertussis - pertussis S. pneumonia - lobar pneumonia TB - tuberculosis L. pneumophila - Legionnaire's DZ
GI system bacterial infections (5)
H. pylori - peptic ulcers
V. cholerae - non-inflammatory gastroenteritis
Shigella spp., C. jejuni, EHEC - inflammatory gastroenteritis
S. typhi - enteric (typhoid) fever
C. difficile - pseudomembranous colitis
Overall major causes of bacterial meningitis (5)
N. meningitidis S. agalactiae S. pneumoniae H. influenzae L. monocytes
Overall UTI causes (4)
E. coli
P. aeruginosa
S. saprophyticus
Enterococcus
Most common infection in burns:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Overall disseminated infections (3)
Y. pestis - plague
B. burgdorfori - Lyme DZ
Brucella spp. - undulant fever
General pathogenesis of TB
Major mediator:
Which patients are at an increased risk for TB infection?
Initial infection of Mo by binding MBL/CR3, then response of Th1 that causes tissue damage and significant granulomas and caseous necrosis.
IFN-y.
HIV pts.
M. leprae SX in tuberculoid and lepromatous Leprosy
Tuberculoid: dry, scaly skin lesions that lack sensation. ASX involvement of peripheral nerves.
Lepromatous: more severe. Symmetric skin thickening and nodules. There is widespread invasion into Schwann cells.
Infections common in immunocompromised patients
Mycobacterium HIV-1 Candida albicans Pneumocystis spp. CMV EBV HHV-8 JC Polyomavirus HPV
Ureaplasma urealyticum vs Proteus mirabilis
Classification:
Normal flora?
Clinical:
Ureaplasma: Mycoplasma (no cell wall)
Proteus: enteric
Ureaplasma: yes, in up to 60% of healthy women.
Proteus: No
Ureaplasma: serous/mucoid discharge, localized urethritis
Proteus: acute pyelonephritis, ureteritis, urethritis, cystitis. Seen in immunocompromised and nosocomial.
Causes of GU urethritis (5)
Neisseria gonorrheae Ureaplasma urealyticum Chlamydia Staphylococcus saprophyticus Trichomonas vaginalis
Associate elevated CRP w/:
Acute pyogenic infections
Major cause of subacute bacterial endocarditis
Viridans Grp
Main cause of myocarditis, pericarditis, pleurisy
RNA viruses - picornaviruses
What are in the Picornavirus group?
Cardiovirus
Hepatovirus
Enterovirus (poliovirus, rhinovirus, coxsackies)
Coxsackie A vs Coxsackie B
A - hand, foot and mouth DZ (fever with rash).
B - myocarditis, pericarditis.
Most common cause of aseptic meningitis
Enteroviruses
What is the main use of India ink stain for DX?
Cryptococcus
