Fungal infections only Flashcards
Superficial fungal infections and their clinical signs (2)
Tinea versicolor: discolored patches of skin as a result of disrupted pigmentation of the skin.
Tinea nigra: dark spots on palms and soles.
Cutaneous fungal infections are called:
Examples…
Tineas: body, groin, toes, scalp, etc.
Jock itch, athlete’s foot, etc.
Subcutaneous fungal infections and their clinical signs (2)
Spirotrichosis: found on rose thorns. Presents as a subcutaneous nodule at site of thorn and becomes necrotic and ulcerates.
Chromomycosis: long-term subcutaneous infection.
Systemic lung infections (4)
Which are yeast only vs. mold (hyphae) only?
Yeast - Candidiasis, Cryptococcosis.
Mold - Aspergillosis, Mucormycosis.
Candidiasis reservoir (3)
Clinical (5)
DX (2)
Normal flora in skin, mouth, GI tract.
Thrush, vulvovaginal candida, cutaneous rashes (diaper rash, skin folds, etc.), esophageal rash. Can be disseminated in sick patients in hospital setting.
KOH stain, silver stain.
Cryptococcosis reservoirs (2)
Clinical (3)
DX (1)
Pigeon droppings, respiratory transmission.
Subacute or chronic meningitis, pneumonia, skin lesions.
India-ink stain of CSF.
Aspergillosis reservoirs (1)
Clinical (4)
DX (3)
Ubiquitous.
Allergic bronchopulmonary asperigillosis, Asperigilloma (fungus ball), invasive aspergillosis (necrotizing pneumonia), Aflatoxin.
IgE, sputum culture, CXR/CT scan.
Mucormycosis reservoirs (1)
Clinical (2)
DX (2)
Saprophytic molds.
Rhinocerebral mucormycosis (starts on nasal mucosa and invased sinuses/orbit), Pulmonary mucormycosis.
BX, black nasal discharge.
Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is associated with:
DM
Fungal infections based on geography and their locations:
Histoplasmosis: Midwest and MS Valley
Blastomycosis: Midwest and MS Valley
Coccidiomycosis: Southwest USA
What are the clinical manifestation of the 3 geographic fungal infections?
Usually asymptomatic, but may lead to pneumonia.
Which fungus can leave significant calcifications in the lungs?
Histoplasmosis
Pneumocystitis jirovecii is…
What is its infection called?
A fungal infection that used be thought was a Protist and called Pneumocystitis carinii. Commonly infects immunocompromised patients and premature, malnourised patients.
Pneumocystic pneumonia (PCP).
What are the fungus-like bacteria and what is their Gram stain?
Clinical SX of each:
Who is most likely to get them?
Nocardia: inhaled and mostly causes infection in the lungs leading to abscesses.
Actinomycetes: infects decaying teeth/gingiva and may infect there. May also present w/ pulmonary and GI abscesses.
Gram +
Most commonly seen in immunocompromised patients.