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BIO 102 Lecture > Viruses - T1 S2 > Flashcards

Viruses - T1 S2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What killed mor people in the US than WWI, WWII, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War combined?

A

the flu pandemic of 1918

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2
Q

Viruses are (smaller and simpler / larger and more complex) than cells.

A

smaller and simpler

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3
Q

What two things do all viruses have?

A 
genetic info (DNA/RNA) and protein coat (capsid),
some may have an envelope
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4
Q

the site where a virus exists in nature

A

reservoir

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5
Q

(T/F) Virtually all species of animals, fungi, plants, protists, and bacteria get viral infections.

A

True

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6
Q

(T/F) A virus can only enter a cell that has a specific receptor on its surface.

A

True

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7
Q

Are viruses alive?

A

no

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8
Q

Are viruses a part of the taxonomic hierarchy?

A

no,

grouped by chemical similarities instead

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9
Q

List the 5 stages viral replication occurs in.

A

attachment, penetration, synthesis, assembly, release

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10
Q

stage of viral replication: virus binds cell surface receptor

A

attachment

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11
Q

stage of viral replication: viral nucleic acid is released inside host cell

A

penetration

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12
Q

stage of viral replication: host cell manufactures viral nucleic acids and proteins

A

synthesis

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13
Q

stage of viral replication: new viruses are assembled from newly synthesized coat proteins, enzymes, and nucleic acids

A

assembly

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14
Q

stage of viral replication: new viruses leave the host cell

A

release

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15
Q

virus enters cell, immediately replicates and lyses the host

A

lytic infection

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16
Q

What is “phage therapy” used for?

A

bacterial infections

targeted to specific bacteria

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17
Q

genetic material of a virus is replicated along with the host cell’s chromosome, host isn’t immediately destroyed

A 
lysogenic infection
(can switch to lytic pathway)
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18
Q

the time between exposure to disease agent, and disease signs and/or symptoms

A

incubation period

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19
Q

virus causing dead and damaged cells in the airway cause respiratory symptoms including coughing and sore throat, fever and body aches caused by cytokines released by the immune system

A

influenza virus

causes flu

20
Q

more cases of disease than expected

A

epidemic

21
Q

a widespread, worldwide epidemic

A

pandemic

22
Q

type of infection that does not produce disease symptoms, viral genetic information is inside the cell

A

latent infection

23
Q

virus causing cold sores on lips; stressed cells release viruses that infect other cells, cold sores are localized death of these cells

A

herpes simplex virus type I

24
Q

virus that uses reverse transcriptase

A

retrovirus

25
Q

retrovirus with RNA genome that infects helper T cells (loss of these cells leads to AIDS)

A

HIV

26
Q

virus causing cervical cancer by signaling host cell to divide continuously

A

human papillomavirus

27
Q

What does HIV stand for?

A

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

28
Q

What does AIDS stand for?

A

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

29
Q

HIV leads to AIDS which leads to…

A

opportunistic infections

30
Q

first virus ever discovered

A

tobacco mosaic virus

31
Q

How are most viruses in plants spread?

A

by plant-eating insects, through plasmodesmata

32
Q

What can we use in plants to fight off infections?

A

posttranscriptional gene silencing

33
Q

What help fight viral infections?

A

drugs and vaccines

34
Q

some of these interfere with enzymes or other proteins that are unique to viruses

A

antiviral drugs

35
Q

What aspect of viruses complicates our ability to fight them off with?

A

genetic variability

36
Q

(T/F) Few medicines inhibit viruses without killing the infected host cells.

A

True

37
Q

What does vaccination do?

A

teaches immune system to recognize virus

38
Q

In the process of making some vaccines, what is used to produce viruses?

A

fertilized chicken eggs

39
Q

a viral disease that causes acute inflammation of the brain in humans and other warm-blooded animals

A

rabies

40
Q

What is the incubation period of rabies?

A

typically 1-3 months

41
Q

How is rabies spread?

A

animal bites

42
Q

mosquito-transmitted virus (RNA) associated with microcephaly, causing learning disabilities, impaired motor functions, difficulty with movement and balance, and speech delays

A

Zika virus

43
Q

an infectious RNA molecule; naked RNA, doesn’t encode proteins, interferes with ability to produce proteins

A

viroid

44
Q

an infectious protein; abnormal form causes brain cells to die, cause of “mad cow disease” and Kuru

A

prion

45
Q

virus that may be the ancestor of HIV

A

SIV ( simian immunodeficiency virus)

46
Q

What was SIVsm identified as the source of?

A

HIV-2

47
Q

normal cellular protein, multiple shapes; if one is abnormal it can cause disease, contact with abnormal forms causes normal form to switch

A

PrP

BIO 102 Lecture (19 decks)

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