Bacteria & Archaea - T1 S3

Question 1

cause plaque

Answer 1

bacterial biofilms

Question 2

single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Answer 2

prokaryote

Question 3

List the 2 prokaryotic domains.

Answer 3

bacteria and archaea

Question 4

List the internal structures of a prokaryote.

Answer 4

cell membrane, DNA, cytoplasm, ribosomes, nucleoid, plasmids

Question 5

List the external structures of a prokaryote.

Answer 5

cell wall; 3 common shapes: coccus, bacillus, spirillum (arrangements can be important)

Question 6

What is the cell wall of a prokaryote made of?

Answer 6

peptidoglycan

Question 7

stained prokaryotic cell appears purple and has a thick peptidoglycan layer

Answer 7

Gram-positive

Question 8

stained prokaryotic cell appears light red and his thinner cell walls / outer membrane

Answer 8

Gram-negative

Question 9

List three types of stains used in prokaryotes.

Answer 9

Gram, acid-fast, endospore, etc.

Question 10

prokaryote: capsule or slime layer

Answer 10

glycocalyx

Question 11

prokaryote: attachment or DNA transfer

Answer 11

pili

Question 12

What does a prokaryote have that isn’t the same of that found in a eukaryote?

Answer 12

flagellum

Question 13

dormant, thick-walled structures found in Botulism and Anthrax

Answer 13

endospores

Question 14

work like seeds but technically aren’t seeds

Answer 14

spores

Question 15

carbon from inorganic sources

Answer 15

autotrophs

Question 16

carbon from organic sources

Answer 16

heterotrophs

Question 17

derive energy from sun

Answer 17

phototrophs

Question 18

oxidize inorganic or organic chemicals

Answer 18

chemotrophs

Question 19

plants and cyanobacteria; sunlight for energy and CO₂ for carbom

Answer 19

photoautotroph

Question 20

disease-causing bacteria use host as carbon and energy sourse

Answer 20

chemoheterotroph

Question 21

requires oxygen

Answer 21

obligate aerobe

Question 22

cannot live with oxygen

Answer 22

obligate anaerobe

Question 23

can live with or without oxygen

Answer 23

facultative anaerobe

Question 24

transmit DNA from generation to generation as they reproduce, binary fission (asexual)

Answer 24

vertical gene transfer

Question 25

transformation (naked DNA), transduction (virus mediated), conjugation (sex pilus)

Answer 25

horizontal gene transfer

Question 26

first bacteria to produce CO₂ from photosynthesis

Answer 26

cyanobacteria

Question 27

archaea originally found in very hot, acidic, or salty environments; 3 phyla; important roles in global element cycling

Answer 27

extremophiles

Question 28

play essential role in global carbon cycle

Answer 28

microbes

Question 29

when microbes convert atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia

Answer 29

nitrogen fixation

Question 30

(T/F) Archaea cause human disease.

Answer 30

False

Question 31

crowd out disease-causing bacteria, may release harmful toxins, may trigger immune reaction

Answer 31

bacteria and archaea

Question 32

humans use these to create sauerkraut, cheese, vitamins, acetone, insulin, water/waste treatment, etc.

Answer 32

prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea)

Question 33

father of epidemiology

Answer 33

John Snow

Question 34

French biologist who discovered that microorganisms can cause disease (Germ theory), developed process to heat-treat food

Answer 34

Louis Pasteur

heat-treating food method, called pasteurization, is still used

Question 35

water-borne disease causing severe diarrhea and death from dehydration due to a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobe

Answer 35

cholera

Question 36

English surgeon who applied Pasteur’s discoveries and developed antiseptic surgical techniques

Answer 36

Joseph Lister

Question 37

(T/F) Joseph Lister invented “Listerine”.

Answer 37

False

Question 38

a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that arises when a considerable mass of body tissue dies (necrosis)

Answer 38

gangrene