Animal Tissues & Organ Systems - T4 S1 Flashcards
___ can grow tissues outside of the body.
Tissue engineering
___ cells build animal bodies.
Specialized
study of an organism’s structure, describes the parts that compose the body
anatomy
considers how those parts that compose the body work
physiology
How many tissue types to animals consist of?
4
All animal tissues have what feature in common?
cells embedded in extracellular matrix; ground substance and fibers
animal tissue type:
single or multiple layer of flattened, cube-shaped, or columnar cells
epithelial
animal tissue type:
cover interior and exterior surfaces of organs; protection; secretion; absorption
epithelial
animal tissue type:
cells scattered in prominent extracellular matrix
corrective
animal tissue type:
support, adhesion, insulation, attachment, and transportation
corrective
animal tissue type:
elongated cells that contract when stimulated
muscle
animal tissue type:
functions in movement
muscle
animal tissue type:
cells that transmit electrochemical impulses
nervous
animal tissue type:
rapid communication among cells
nervous
tissue that covers surfaces, 1/more layers of tightly packed cells, functions: protection/nutrient absorption/gas diffusion, form glands, “free” surface, anchored by basement membrane, may be joined by tight junctions
epithelial
90% of cancers are ___.
carcinomas
What are epithelial tissues classified by?
cell shape,
number of layers
epithelial tissue type:
single layer of flattened cells; allows substances to pass by diffusion and osmosis; lining of blood vessels, alveoli of lungs, glomeruli of kidneys
simple squamous
epithelial tissue type:
single layer of cube-shaped cells; secretes and absorbs substances; glands, lining of kidney tubules
simple cuboidal
epithelial tissue type:
single layer of column-shaped cells, may be ciliated; secretes and absorbs substances, sweeps egg/embryo along uterine tube; lining of digestive tract, bronchi (ciliated), uterine tubes (ciliated)
simple columnar
epithelial tissue type:
multiple layers of flattened cells; protects areas subject to abrasion, prevents water loss and infection; outer layer of skin, lining of body openings
stratified squamous
epithelial tissue type:
multiple layers of cube-shaped; conveys sweat, secretes hormones; sweat gland duct, ovaries
stratified cuboidal
epithelial tissue type:
single layer of columnar cells with staggered nuclei, may be ciliated; secretes and propels mucus; upper respiratory tract (ciliated)
pseudostratified columnar
tissues that bind other tissues together; most widespread tissue; scattered w/in extracellular matrix; functions- fill spaces, attach tissues, cushion, flexible but firm support; never coat surfaces; extremely variable in structure and function
connective tissue
(T/F) Blood and bone are types of connective tissue.
true
connective tissue type:
fibroblast cells in loose matrix of elastin and collagen fibers; holds organs in place; attaches epithelial tissue to underlying tissue; under skin, between organs
loose connective tissue
connective tissue type:
fibroblast cells in dense matrix of elastin and collagen fibers; connects muscle to bone, connects bone to bone; tendons and ligaments
dense connective tissue
connective tissue type: fat cells (adipocytes) in minimal matrix; stores fat for energy and insulation; beneath skin, between muscles, around heart and joints
adipose tissue
connective tissue type:
red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets in plasma matrix; transports gases, nutrients, wastes, hormones; in arteries, veins, and capillaries
blood
connective tissue type:
chondrocytes in matrix of fine collagen fibers; flexible support; ears, joints, bone ends, respiratory tract, embryonic skeleton
cartilage
connective tissue type:
osteocytes and other cells in matrix of collagen and minerals; firm support; skeleton
bone
tissue that provides movement; cells contract when electrically stimulated; actin and myosin; abundant mitochondria; functions in body temp regulation, move bone, digestion, waste elimination
muscle tissue
3 types of muscle tissue
skeletal muscle (striated, voluntary), cardiac muscle (striated, involuntary), smooth muscle (not striated, involuntary)
muscle tissue type: elongated cells (each containing many nuclei), striated; moves the bones of the skeleton, voluntary; attached to bones
skeletal muscle
muscle tissue type:
short, branched cells (each containing one nucleus), striated; contraction of atria and ventricles in heart, involuntary; walls of the heart
cardiac muscle
muscle tissue type:
spindle-shaped cells (each containing one nucleus); slow, involuntary movements; digestive tract, arteries
smooth muscle
tissue that forms a rapid communication network
nervous tissue
parts of nervous tissue which receive, process, and transmit information
neurons
What are the cells in neuroglia that make myelin called?
Schwann cells
support and assist neurons in nervous tissue
neuroglia
tissue type composed of neurons and neuroglia
nervous tissue
tissue type whose functions include detecting stimuli and conveying info throughout the body
nervous tissue
tissue type found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves
nervous tissue
Which two systems coordinate communication?
nervous and endocrine
network composed of trillions of neurons and neuroglia that specialize in rapid communication
nervous system
system made up of glands that secrete hormones
endocrine system
Which two systems support and move the body?
skeletal and muscular
system which consists of bones, ligaments, and cartilage
skeletal system
system made up of individual skeletal muscles
muscular system
Which three systems work together to acquire energy?
digestive, circulatory, and respiratory
system that dismantles food, absorbs the small molecules, and eliminates indigestible wastes
digestive system
system that transports food molecules (and many other substances) throughout the body
circulatory system
system that exchanges gases with the atmosphere
respiratory system
Which four systems protect the body?
urinary, integumentary, immune, and lymphatic
system which removes water-soluble wastes and other toxins from blood and eliminates them
urinary system
eliminates them in urine
system that provides physical protection
integumentary system
system that acts as the bridge between the immune system and the circulatory system
lymphatic system
Which system produces the next generation?
reproductive
system consisting of organs that produce and transport sperm and egg cells (gametes), female body nurtures developing offspring
reproductive system
organ system that detects, interprets, and responds to stimuli from outside and w/in the body
nervous system
organ system that
pic on slide 28, system number two, endocrine
