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BIO 102 Lecture > Animals Pt.1 - T3 S1 P1 > Flashcards

Animals Pt.1 - T3 S1 P1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

new phylum discovered by scientists in 1995 that lives on lobster lips

A

Nephrops

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2
Q

Are most animals vertebrates or invertebrates?

A

invertebrates

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3
Q

What did the first animals likely evolve from?

A

protists

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4
Q

arose 570 MYA, related to choanoflagellates, resemble collar cells in sponges

A

first animals

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5
Q

List five characteristics animals share.

A 
multicellular eukaryotes, 
lack cell walls, 
heterotrophs, 
development (blastula stage),
secrete extracellular matrix
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6
Q

What do biologists classify animals based on?

A

organization, morphology, and development

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7
Q

no true tissues (sponges)

A

parazoa

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8
Q

true tissues

A

eumetazoa

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9
Q

List the types of symmetry.

A

asymmetry (sponges), radial symmetry, bilateral symmetry (cephalization)

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10
Q

Where do animals live?

A

nearly everywhere

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11
Q

In embryonic development, gastrula has how many primary germ layers?

A

2 or 3

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12
Q

names of the primary germ layers

A

ectoderm and endoderm,

mesoderm

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13
Q

mouth forms first in embryonic development

A

protostomes

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14
Q

anus forms first in embryonic development

A

deuterstomes

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15
Q

List 3 body cavities (characteristics).

A

coelom, pseudocoelom, hydrostatic skeleton

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16
Q

fluid-filled body cavity that forms completely within the mesoderm

A

coelom

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17
Q

body cavity lined partly with mesoderm and partly with endoderm

A

pseudocoelom

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18
Q

What are the types of digestive tract?

A

no digestive tract, incomplete, complete

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19
Q

digestive tract of sponges

A

no digestive tract

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20
Q

digestive tract with gastrovascular cavity

A

incomplete

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21
Q

digestive tract which allows for increased efficiency and specialization

A

complete

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22
Q

division of an animal body into repeated parts, adds to the body’s flexibility, potential for specialized body parts

A

segmentation

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23
Q

How do most animals reproduce?

A

sexually

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24
Q

reproduction and development: no larva stage (grasshoppers, cockroaches)

A

incomplete metamorphosis

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25
Q

reproduction and development: larvae undergo metamorphosis (egg-maggot-pupa-adult fly)

A

complete metamorphosis

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26
Q

simple animals that lack differentiated tissues

A

sponges

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27
Q

radially symmetrical, aquatic animals

A

cnidarians

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28
Q

What phylum are sponges in?

A

Porifera

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29
Q

What phylum are cnidarians in?

A

Cnidaria

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30
Q

diet of cnidarians

A

carnivore

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31
Q

tiny harpoons of cnidarians

A

cnidocytes

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32
Q

symmetry of flatworms

A

bilateral

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33
Q

symmetry of cnidarians

A

radial

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34
Q

cnidarian reproduction

A

sexually and asexually

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35
Q

What is the cnidarian exoskeleton made of?

A

coral calcium carbonate

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36
Q

environment of cnidarians

A

mostly marine

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37
Q

body form of a cnidarian

A

polyp/medusa

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38
Q

body cavity of cnidarians

A

gastrovascular

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39
Q

What phylum are flatworms in?

A

Platyhelminthes

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40
Q

symmetry of flatworms

A

bilateral

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41
Q

digestive tract of flatworms

A

incomplete

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42
Q

List the three main classes of flatworms.

A

free-living flatworms,
flukes (parasitic),
tapeworms (parasitic)

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43
Q

flatworm excretion

A

protonephridia

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44
Q

body cavity of flatworms

A

hydrostatic skeleton

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45
Q

(T/F) Flatworms do not have specialized circulatory or respiratory systems.

A

true

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46
Q

(T/F) Flatworms have a simple brain or nerve net.

A

true

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47
Q

disease caused by flukes

A

schistosomiasis

48
Q

What are the symptoms of schistosomiasis caused by?

A

the body’s reaction to the EGGS produced by worms

49
Q

soft, unsegmented animals

A

mollusks

50
Q

largest invertebrate

A

squid

51
Q

most intelligent invertebrate

A

octopus

52
Q

environment of mollusks

A

terrestrial,
marine,
freshwater

53
Q

parts of the mollusks’ body

A

mantle,
foot,
visceral mass,
(radula)

54
Q

scrapes food into the mouth of the mollusk

A

radula

55
Q

4 largest classes of mollusks

A

chitons,
bivalves,
gastropods,
cephalopods

56
Q

circulatory system of mollusks

A

open

57
Q

mollusk excretion

A

nephridium

58
Q

reproduction of mollusks

A

sexual

internal/external fertilization

59
Q

segmented worms

A

annelids

60
Q

What phylum are annelids in?

A

Annelida

61
Q

environment of annelids

A

terrestrial,
freshwater,
marine

62
Q

digestive tract of annelids

A

complete

63
Q

2 main classes of annelids

A

have a clittelum (earthworms and leeches),

polychaetes (many bristles)

64
Q

circulatory system of annelids

A

closed

65
Q

annelid excretion

A

nephridium

66
Q

(T/F) Annelids have a complex brain.

A

false (simple “brain”)

67
Q

sex of annelids

A

hermaphrodites

68
Q

sex of nematodes

A

separate sexes

69
Q

What phylum are nematodes in?

A

Nematoda

roundworms

70
Q

unsegmented, cylindrical worms

A

nematodes

71
Q

Most nematodes are ___, while some are ___.

A

free-living,

parasitic

72
Q

digestive tract of nematodes

A

complete

73
Q

body cavity of nematodes

A

pseudocoelom,

hydrostatic skeleton

74
Q

3 genera (genus) of parasitic nematodes

A

Ascaris,
Trichinella,
Wuchereria

75
Q

Wuchereria are parasitic nematodes spread by mosquito vector which cause ___.

A

elephantiasis

76
Q

3 examples of nematodes

A

pinworms,
hookworms,
heartworms

77
Q

sex of sponges

A

hermaphrodites

78
Q

(T/F) Sponges have an inner layer of flagellated cells.

A

true

79
Q

diet of sponges

A

filter feeder

80
Q

environment of sponges

A

mostly marine

81
Q

have exoskeletons and jointed appendages

A

arthropods

82
Q

What phylum are arthropods in?

A

Arthropoda

83
Q

What is an arthropod’s exoskeleton made of?

A

chitin

84
Q

Arthropods are ___, which must molt.

A

ecdysozoans

85
Q

(T/F) Arthropods have simple organ systems.

A

false (complex)

86
Q

environment of arthropods

A

terrestrial,
freshwater,
marine

87
Q

3 major body regions of arthropods

A

head,
thorax,
abdomen

88
Q

body cavity of cnidarians

A

hydrostatic skeleton

89
Q

body cavity of arthropods

A

reduced coelom

90
Q

circulatory system of arthropods

A

open

91
Q

excretion of arthropods

A

malpighian tubules

92
Q

respiration of arthropods

A

spiracles,

book lungs

93
Q

(T/F) Arthropods have a brain or ventral nerve cords.

A

false (and)

94
Q

sex of arthropods

A

separate sexes

95
Q

development of arthropods

A

direct or indirect

96
Q

(T/F) Arthropods are the most diverse animals.

A

true

97
Q

the 5 arthropod subphyla

A 
chelicerates,
mandibulates,
horseshoe crabs,
arachnids,
trilobites
98
Q

extinct arthropod subphylum

A

trilobites

99
Q

number of living arthropod subphyla

A

4

100
Q

arthropod subphyla consisting of spiders and their relatives

A

chelicerates

101
Q

environment of chelicerates

A

terrestrial and aquatic

102
Q

2 body regions of chelicerates

A

head/thorax and abdomen

103
Q

How many pairs of walking legs do chelicerates have?

A

4 or more

104
Q

8-legged arthropods including mites, ticks, spiders, and scorpions

A

arachnids

105
Q

arthropods that are not crustaceans

A

horseshoe crabs

106
Q

arthropod subphylum including millipedes/centipedes, crustaceans, and insects

A

mandibulates

107
Q

terrestrial mandibulates known as myriapods

A

millipedes and centipedes

108
Q

environment of crustaceans

A

mostly aquatic

109
Q

(T/F) Crustaceans do not have mandibles.

A

false (they do)

110
Q

number of major body regions found in crustaceans

A

2 or 3

111
Q

Crabs, shrimps, lobsters. isopods, bine shrimp, and Daphnia are all examples of ___.

A

crustaceans

112
Q

(T/F) Insects have a low rate of reproduction.

A

false (high)

113
Q

mutations in homeotic genes can modify body segments in these mandibulates

A

insects

114
Q

Insects had an evolution of ___.

A

flight

115
Q

number of legs found in insects

A

6

BIO 102 Lecture (19 decks)

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