Animals Pt.1 - T3 S1 P1 Flashcards by Mary Catherine

new phylum discovered by scientists in 1995 that lives on lobster lips

Nephrops

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Are most animals vertebrates or invertebrates?

invertebrates

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What did the first animals likely evolve from?

protists

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arose 570 MYA, related to choanoflagellates, resemble collar cells in sponges

first animals

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List five characteristics animals share.

multicellular eukaryotes, 
lack cell walls, 
heterotrophs, 
development (blastula stage),
secrete extracellular matrix

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What do biologists classify animals based on?

organization, morphology, and development

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no true tissues (sponges)

parazoa

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true tissues

eumetazoa

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List the types of symmetry.

asymmetry (sponges), radial symmetry, bilateral symmetry (cephalization)

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Where do animals live?

nearly everywhere

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In embryonic development, gastrula has how many primary germ layers?

2 or 3

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names of the primary germ layers

ectoderm and endoderm,

mesoderm

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mouth forms first in embryonic development

protostomes

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anus forms first in embryonic development

deuterstomes

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List 3 body cavities (characteristics).

coelom, pseudocoelom, hydrostatic skeleton

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fluid-filled body cavity that forms completely within the mesoderm

coelom

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body cavity lined partly with mesoderm and partly with endoderm

pseudocoelom

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What are the types of digestive tract?

no digestive tract, incomplete, complete

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digestive tract of sponges

no digestive tract

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digestive tract with gastrovascular cavity

incomplete

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digestive tract which allows for increased efficiency and specialization

complete

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division of an animal body into repeated parts, adds to the body’s flexibility, potential for specialized body parts

segmentation

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How do most animals reproduce?

sexually

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reproduction and development: no larva stage (grasshoppers, cockroaches)

incomplete metamorphosis

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reproduction and development: larvae undergo metamorphosis (egg-maggot-pupa-adult fly)

complete metamorphosis

simple animals that lack differentiated tissues

sponges

radially symmetrical, aquatic animals

cnidarians

What phylum are sponges in?

Porifera

What phylum are cnidarians in?

Cnidaria

diet of cnidarians

carnivore

tiny harpoons of cnidarians

cnidocytes

symmetry of flatworms

bilateral

symmetry of cnidarians

radial

cnidarian reproduction

sexually and asexually

What is the cnidarian exoskeleton made of?

coral calcium carbonate

environment of cnidarians

mostly marine

body form of a cnidarian

polyp/medusa

body cavity of cnidarians

gastrovascular

What phylum are flatworms in?

Platyhelminthes

symmetry of flatworms

bilateral

digestive tract of flatworms

incomplete

List the three main classes of flatworms.

free-living flatworms, flukes (parasitic), tapeworms (parasitic)

flatworm excretion

protonephridia

body cavity of flatworms

hydrostatic skeleton

(T/F) Flatworms do not have specialized circulatory or respiratory systems.

true

(T/F) Flatworms have a simple brain or nerve net.

true

disease caused by flukes

schistosomiasis

What are the symptoms of schistosomiasis caused by?

the body's reaction to the EGGS produced by worms

soft, unsegmented animals

mollusks

largest invertebrate

squid

most intelligent invertebrate

octopus

environment of mollusks

terrestrial, marine, freshwater

parts of the mollusks' body

mantle, foot, visceral mass, (radula)

scrapes food into the mouth of the mollusk

radula

4 largest classes of mollusks

chitons, bivalves, gastropods, cephalopods

circulatory system of mollusks

open

mollusk excretion

nephridium

reproduction of mollusks

sexual | internal/external fertilization

segmented worms

annelids

What phylum are annelids in?

Annelida

environment of annelids

terrestrial, freshwater, marine

digestive tract of annelids

complete

2 main classes of annelids

have a clittelum (earthworms and leeches), | polychaetes (many bristles)

circulatory system of annelids

closed

annelid excretion

nephridium

(T/F) Annelids have a complex brain.

false (simple "brain")

sex of annelids

hermaphrodites

sex of nematodes

separate sexes

What phylum are nematodes in?

Nematoda | roundworms

unsegmented, cylindrical worms

nematodes

Most nematodes are ___, while some are ___.

free-living, | parasitic

digestive tract of nematodes

complete

body cavity of nematodes

pseudocoelom, | hydrostatic skeleton

3 genera (genus) of parasitic nematodes

Ascaris, Trichinella, Wuchereria

Wuchereria are parasitic nematodes spread by mosquito vector which cause ___.

elephantiasis

3 examples of nematodes

pinworms, hookworms, heartworms

sex of sponges

hermaphrodites

(T/F) Sponges have an inner layer of flagellated cells.

true

diet of sponges

filter feeder

environment of sponges

mostly marine

have exoskeletons and jointed appendages

arthropods

What phylum are arthropods in?

Arthropoda

What is an arthropod's exoskeleton made of?

chitin

Arthropods are ___, which must molt.

ecdysozoans

(T/F) Arthropods have simple organ systems.

false (complex)

environment of arthropods

terrestrial, freshwater, marine

3 major body regions of arthropods

head, thorax, abdomen

body cavity of cnidarians

hydrostatic skeleton

body cavity of arthropods

reduced coelom

circulatory system of arthropods

open

excretion of arthropods

malpighian tubules

respiration of arthropods

spiracles, | book lungs

(T/F) Arthropods have a brain or ventral nerve cords.

false (and)

sex of arthropods

separate sexes

development of arthropods

direct or indirect

(T/F) Arthropods are the most diverse animals.

true

the 5 arthropod subphyla

``` chelicerates, mandibulates, horseshoe crabs, arachnids, trilobites ```

extinct arthropod subphylum

trilobites

number of living arthropod subphyla

arthropod subphyla consisting of spiders and their relatives

chelicerates

environment of chelicerates

terrestrial and aquatic

2 body regions of chelicerates

head/thorax and abdomen

How many pairs of walking legs do chelicerates have?

4 or more

8-legged arthropods including mites, ticks, spiders, and scorpions

arachnids

arthropods that are not crustaceans

horseshoe crabs

arthropod subphylum including millipedes/centipedes, crustaceans, and insects

mandibulates

terrestrial mandibulates known as myriapods

millipedes and centipedes

environment of crustaceans

mostly aquatic

(T/F) Crustaceans do not have mandibles.

false (they do)

number of major body regions found in crustaceans

2 or 3

Crabs, shrimps, lobsters. isopods, bine shrimp, and Daphnia are all examples of ___.

crustaceans

(T/F) Insects have a low rate of reproduction.

false (high)

mutations in homeotic genes can modify body segments in these mandibulates

insects

Insects had an evolution of ___.

flight

number of legs found in insects