Animals Pt.1 - T3 S1 P1 Flashcards
new phylum discovered by scientists in 1995 that lives on lobster lips
Nephrops
Are most animals vertebrates or invertebrates?
invertebrates
What did the first animals likely evolve from?
protists
arose 570 MYA, related to choanoflagellates, resemble collar cells in sponges
first animals
List five characteristics animals share.
multicellular eukaryotes, lack cell walls, heterotrophs, development (blastula stage), secrete extracellular matrix
What do biologists classify animals based on?
organization, morphology, and development
no true tissues (sponges)
parazoa
true tissues
eumetazoa
List the types of symmetry.
asymmetry (sponges), radial symmetry, bilateral symmetry (cephalization)
Where do animals live?
nearly everywhere
In embryonic development, gastrula has how many primary germ layers?
2 or 3
names of the primary germ layers
ectoderm and endoderm,
mesoderm
mouth forms first in embryonic development
protostomes
anus forms first in embryonic development
deuterstomes
List 3 body cavities (characteristics).
coelom, pseudocoelom, hydrostatic skeleton
fluid-filled body cavity that forms completely within the mesoderm
coelom
body cavity lined partly with mesoderm and partly with endoderm
pseudocoelom
What are the types of digestive tract?
no digestive tract, incomplete, complete
digestive tract of sponges
no digestive tract
digestive tract with gastrovascular cavity
incomplete
digestive tract which allows for increased efficiency and specialization
complete
division of an animal body into repeated parts, adds to the body’s flexibility, potential for specialized body parts
segmentation
How do most animals reproduce?
sexually
reproduction and development: no larva stage (grasshoppers, cockroaches)
incomplete metamorphosis
reproduction and development: larvae undergo metamorphosis (egg-maggot-pupa-adult fly)
complete metamorphosis
simple animals that lack differentiated tissues
sponges
radially symmetrical, aquatic animals
cnidarians
What phylum are sponges in?
Porifera
What phylum are cnidarians in?
Cnidaria
diet of cnidarians
carnivore
tiny harpoons of cnidarians
cnidocytes
symmetry of flatworms
bilateral
symmetry of cnidarians
radial
cnidarian reproduction
sexually and asexually
What is the cnidarian exoskeleton made of?
coral calcium carbonate
environment of cnidarians
mostly marine
body form of a cnidarian
polyp/medusa
body cavity of cnidarians
gastrovascular
What phylum are flatworms in?
Platyhelminthes
symmetry of flatworms
bilateral
digestive tract of flatworms
incomplete
List the three main classes of flatworms.
free-living flatworms,
flukes (parasitic),
tapeworms (parasitic)
flatworm excretion
protonephridia
body cavity of flatworms
hydrostatic skeleton
(T/F) Flatworms do not have specialized circulatory or respiratory systems.
true
(T/F) Flatworms have a simple brain or nerve net.
true
disease caused by flukes
schistosomiasis
What are the symptoms of schistosomiasis caused by?
the body’s reaction to the EGGS produced by worms
soft, unsegmented animals
mollusks
largest invertebrate
squid
most intelligent invertebrate
octopus
environment of mollusks
terrestrial,
marine,
freshwater
parts of the mollusks’ body
mantle,
foot,
visceral mass,
(radula)
scrapes food into the mouth of the mollusk
radula
4 largest classes of mollusks
chitons,
bivalves,
gastropods,
cephalopods
circulatory system of mollusks
open
mollusk excretion
nephridium
reproduction of mollusks
sexual
internal/external fertilization
segmented worms
annelids
What phylum are annelids in?
Annelida
environment of annelids
terrestrial,
freshwater,
marine
digestive tract of annelids
complete
2 main classes of annelids
have a clittelum (earthworms and leeches),
polychaetes (many bristles)
circulatory system of annelids
closed
annelid excretion
nephridium
(T/F) Annelids have a complex brain.
false (simple “brain”)
sex of annelids
hermaphrodites
sex of nematodes
separate sexes
What phylum are nematodes in?
Nematoda
roundworms
unsegmented, cylindrical worms
nematodes
Most nematodes are ___, while some are ___.
free-living,
parasitic
digestive tract of nematodes
complete
body cavity of nematodes
pseudocoelom,
hydrostatic skeleton
3 genera (genus) of parasitic nematodes
Ascaris,
Trichinella,
Wuchereria
Wuchereria are parasitic nematodes spread by mosquito vector which cause ___.
elephantiasis
3 examples of nematodes
pinworms,
hookworms,
heartworms
sex of sponges
hermaphrodites
(T/F) Sponges have an inner layer of flagellated cells.
true
diet of sponges
filter feeder
environment of sponges
mostly marine
have exoskeletons and jointed appendages
arthropods
What phylum are arthropods in?
Arthropoda
What is an arthropod’s exoskeleton made of?
chitin
Arthropods are ___, which must molt.
ecdysozoans
(T/F) Arthropods have simple organ systems.
false (complex)
environment of arthropods
terrestrial,
freshwater,
marine
3 major body regions of arthropods
head,
thorax,
abdomen
body cavity of cnidarians
hydrostatic skeleton
body cavity of arthropods
reduced coelom
circulatory system of arthropods
open
excretion of arthropods
malpighian tubules
respiration of arthropods
spiracles,
book lungs
(T/F) Arthropods have a brain or ventral nerve cords.
false (and)
sex of arthropods
separate sexes
development of arthropods
direct or indirect
(T/F) Arthropods are the most diverse animals.
true
the 5 arthropod subphyla
chelicerates, mandibulates, horseshoe crabs, arachnids, trilobites
extinct arthropod subphylum
trilobites
number of living arthropod subphyla
4
arthropod subphyla consisting of spiders and their relatives
chelicerates
environment of chelicerates
terrestrial and aquatic
2 body regions of chelicerates
head/thorax and abdomen
How many pairs of walking legs do chelicerates have?
4 or more
8-legged arthropods including mites, ticks, spiders, and scorpions
arachnids
arthropods that are not crustaceans
horseshoe crabs
arthropod subphylum including millipedes/centipedes, crustaceans, and insects
mandibulates
terrestrial mandibulates known as myriapods
millipedes and centipedes
environment of crustaceans
mostly aquatic
(T/F) Crustaceans do not have mandibles.
false (they do)
number of major body regions found in crustaceans
2 or 3
Crabs, shrimps, lobsters. isopods, bine shrimp, and Daphnia are all examples of ___.
crustaceans
(T/F) Insects have a low rate of reproduction.
false (high)
mutations in homeotic genes can modify body segments in these mandibulates
insects
Insects had an evolution of ___.
flight
number of legs found in insects
6
