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BIO 102 Lecture > Plant Form & Function - T2 S2 > Flashcards

Plant Form & Function - T2 S2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

(T/F) Plants are chemical factories for candy, herbs, and drugs.

A

true

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2
Q

aboveground portion of plants

A

shoot

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3
Q

supports leaves; composed of nodes, internodes, and the axillary bud

A

stem

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4
Q

Storage, gas exchange, support, and photosynthesis are specialized ___ functions.

A

root

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5
Q

Tendrils, stolons, rhizomes, tubers, and thorns all correlate to specialized ___ functions.

A

stem

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6
Q

Storage, cotyledons, cactus spines, and sepals and petals of flowers are specialized ___ functions.

A

leaf

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7
Q

become larger by adding units consisting of repeated nodes and internodes

A

shoots

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8
Q

stop growing at mature size

A

determinate growth

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9
Q

grow as long as environmental conditions allow

A

indeterminate growth

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10
Q

regions that undergo active mitotic cell division, all of a plant’s new cells come from here

A

meristems

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11
Q

What are the three main types of meristems?

A

apical, lateral, intercalary

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12
Q

tips of roots and shoots, primary growth

A

apical meristem

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13
Q

thickens stem or root, secondary growth

A

lateral meristem

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14
Q

between nodes of mature stem, cells divide to regrow leaf

A

intercalary meristem

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15
Q

makes up the majority of the primary body of a plant

A

ground tissue

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16
Q

List the three main cell types that ground tissue consists of.

A

parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma

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17
Q

Plant cells form what three main tissue systems?

A

ground tissue, dermal tissue, vascular tissue

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18
Q

tissue consisting of the epidermis, the cuticle which coats the epidermis, and the guard cells surrounding the stomata

A

dermal tissue

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19
Q

tissue that fills spaces

A

ground tissue

20
Q

tissue that shuttles materials between shoots and roots; consists of xylem, phloem, and the vascular bundle in stems and leaves

A

vascular tissue

21
Q

support leaves, grow and differentiate at tips

A

stems

22
Q

Where do new cells originate in stems?

A

apical meristem

daughter cells give rise to the 3 tissues

23
Q

remnants of apical meristem found here

A

axillary buds

24
Q

type of tissue which occupies most of stem volume

A

ground tissue

25
Q

Where are vascular bundles embedded? (different pattern in monocots and dicots)

A

in ground tissue

26
Q

primary organs of photosynthesis, most are composed of blade and petiole, axillary bud found at the base

A

leaves

27
Q

the vascular bundles in leaves

A

veins (2 main patterns)

28
Q

ground tissue inside a leaf

A

mesophyll

29
Q

composed mostly of parenchyma cells, most contain abundant chloroplasts, exchange materials with vascular tissue

A

mesophyll

30
Q

absorb water and minerals, anchor the plant

A

roots

31
Q

What are the 2 main patterns of roots that differ based on the fate of the primary root?

A

taproot system, fibrous root system

32
Q

What does the apical meristem produce in the root?

A

root cap, cells that become 2 tissues of root

33
Q

What are the zones of a root?

A

cell division, elongation, maturation

34
Q

produces xylem and phloem in woody plants, internal cylinder of meristem tissue, produces most of the diameter of a woody root or stem

A

vascular cambium

35
Q

forms a thin layer between the primary xylem and phloem

A

lateral meristem

36
Q

secondary xylem

A

wood

37
Q

bands of parenchyma cells

A

rays

38
Q

forms the innermost layer of live bark

A

secondary phloem

39
Q

lateral meristem that gives rise to cork to the outside and parenchyma to the inside, produces the outer layer of a woody stem or root

A

cork cambium

40
Q

the protective dermal tissue that covers a woody stem or root, originates from the cork cambium

A

periderm

41
Q

What are the 3 layers of the periderm?

A

living parenchyma, cork cambium, nonliving cork

42
Q

darker nonfunctional secondary xylem, sapwood is functional

A

heartwood

43
Q

form in temperate climate

A

tree rings

44
Q

complex chemicals made by plants that are not essential to the life of the plant, produced as pesticides

A

secondary compounds

45
Q

List some secondary plant compounds.

A

quinine, aspirin

BIO 102 Lecture (19 decks)

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