Plant Form & Function - T2 S2 Flashcards
(T/F) Plants are chemical factories for candy, herbs, and drugs.
true
aboveground portion of plants
shoot
supports leaves; composed of nodes, internodes, and the axillary bud
stem
Storage, gas exchange, support, and photosynthesis are specialized ___ functions.
root
Tendrils, stolons, rhizomes, tubers, and thorns all correlate to specialized ___ functions.
stem
Storage, cotyledons, cactus spines, and sepals and petals of flowers are specialized ___ functions.
leaf
become larger by adding units consisting of repeated nodes and internodes
shoots
stop growing at mature size
determinate growth
grow as long as environmental conditions allow
indeterminate growth
regions that undergo active mitotic cell division, all of a plant’s new cells come from here
meristems
What are the three main types of meristems?
apical, lateral, intercalary
tips of roots and shoots, primary growth
apical meristem
thickens stem or root, secondary growth
lateral meristem
between nodes of mature stem, cells divide to regrow leaf
intercalary meristem
makes up the majority of the primary body of a plant
ground tissue
List the three main cell types that ground tissue consists of.
parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma
Plant cells form what three main tissue systems?
ground tissue, dermal tissue, vascular tissue
tissue consisting of the epidermis, the cuticle which coats the epidermis, and the guard cells surrounding the stomata
dermal tissue
tissue that fills spaces
ground tissue
tissue that shuttles materials between shoots and roots; consists of xylem, phloem, and the vascular bundle in stems and leaves
vascular tissue
support leaves, grow and differentiate at tips
stems
Where do new cells originate in stems?
apical meristem
daughter cells give rise to the 3 tissues
remnants of apical meristem found here
axillary buds
type of tissue which occupies most of stem volume
ground tissue
Where are vascular bundles embedded? (different pattern in monocots and dicots)
in ground tissue
primary organs of photosynthesis, most are composed of blade and petiole, axillary bud found at the base
leaves
the vascular bundles in leaves
veins (2 main patterns)
ground tissue inside a leaf
mesophyll
composed mostly of parenchyma cells, most contain abundant chloroplasts, exchange materials with vascular tissue
mesophyll
absorb water and minerals, anchor the plant
roots
What are the 2 main patterns of roots that differ based on the fate of the primary root?
taproot system, fibrous root system
What does the apical meristem produce in the root?
root cap, cells that become 2 tissues of root
What are the zones of a root?
cell division, elongation, maturation
produces xylem and phloem in woody plants, internal cylinder of meristem tissue, produces most of the diameter of a woody root or stem
vascular cambium
forms a thin layer between the primary xylem and phloem
lateral meristem
secondary xylem
wood
bands of parenchyma cells
rays
forms the innermost layer of live bark
secondary phloem
lateral meristem that gives rise to cork to the outside and parenchyma to the inside, produces the outer layer of a woody stem or root
cork cambium
the protective dermal tissue that covers a woody stem or root, originates from the cork cambium
periderm
What are the 3 layers of the periderm?
living parenchyma, cork cambium, nonliving cork
darker nonfunctional secondary xylem, sapwood is functional
heartwood
form in temperate climate
tree rings
complex chemicals made by plants that are not essential to the life of the plant, produced as pesticides
secondary compounds
List some secondary plant compounds.
quinine, aspirin
