Plant Nutrition & Transport - T2 S3 L Flashcards
How many essential nutrients do plants require?
16
Name the 9 macronutrients plants require.
C, O, H, N, K, Ca, Mg, P, S
used to prevent/treat nutrient deficiencies
fertilizers
complex mix of rock particles, organic matter, air, and water; texture based on the relative amounts of sand, silt, and clay; has distinct layers
soil
chemically complex, hard-to-digest, spongy organic substance
humus
a horizon, typically supplies most of a plant’s water and nutrients
topsoil
Where does CO₂ enter?
leaf/stem (stomata)
contains water and dissolved minerals
xylem sap
transports products of photosynthesis
phloem
What are plant cells made mostly of?
water
evaporation of water from leaf, low humidity and high temperatures increase rate; occurs through stomata which close to prevent too much loss
transpiration
cohesive properties of water, continuous column of water from soil to evaporation from leaf
cohesion-tension theory
water solution moves between cells, limited by Casparian strip
extracellular pathway
water solution moves cell to cell via plasmodesmata
intracellular pathway
Name two plant parts that help conserve water.
cuticle, stomata
waxy layer covering epidermis, impermeable to water and gases, prevents plant from drying out
cuticle
water, minerals, organic compounds; sucrose, amino acids, hormones, enzymes, mRNA
phloem sap
theory that explains phloem function; phloem sap moves under positive pressure from sources to sinks
the pressure flow theory
produces or releases sugars
source
does not photosynthesize
sink
companion cells load sucrose into sieve tube elements by active transport, sucrose raises concentration of xylem, water moves by osmosis into phloem, increases turgor pressure
“source” part of the pressure flow theory
cells take up sucrose through facilitated diffusion or active transport, concentration of phloem sap drops, water moves out by osmosis, drop in pressure
“sink” part of the pressure flow theory
acquire water, minerals, and food; include haustorium, dodder, and mistletoes; most successful ones extract enough resources to survive and reproduce, but not so much that the host dies
parasites
found in marsh/swamp/wet areas, little nitrogen in soil, supplement with animal protein
carnivorous plants
What do the prey of carnivorous plants provide?
nitrogen, phosphorous
The reduced leaf surface of carnivorous plants due to their trap reduces ___.
photosynthetic efficiency
