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BIO 102 Lecture > Animals Pt.1 - T3 S1 P2 > Flashcards

Animals Pt.1 - T3 S1 P2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

adult echinoderm symmetry

A

5-part radial symmetry

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2
Q

echinoderm phylum

A

Echinodermata

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3
Q

echinoderm environment

A

marine

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4
Q

echinoderm water vascular system

A

tube feet

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5
Q

5 familiar classes of echinoderm

A 
sea lilies,
sea stars,
brittle stars,
sea cucumbers,
sea urchins and sand dollars
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6
Q

echinoderm brain

A

no head or brain,

central nerve ring

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7
Q

echinoderm reproduction

A

sexual

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8
Q

echinoderm larvae symmetry

A

start bilateral

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9
Q

Are most chordates vertebrates or invertebrates?

A

vertebrates

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10
Q

chordate ancestor’s environment

A

aquatic

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11
Q

Chordates arose with most other animal phyla during the ___.

A

Cambrian explosion

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12
Q

4 distinguishing features of chordates

A

notochord;
dorsal, hollow nerve cord;
pharyngeal pouches or slits;
postanal tail

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13
Q

cranium of most chordates

A

bony or cartilage-rich

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14
Q

What does the cranium protect?

A

brain

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15
Q

examples of craniates

A

hagfish and vertebrates

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16
Q

have a vertebral column

A

vertebrates

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17
Q

What are vertebrae composed of?

A

cartilage or bone

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18
Q

What do vertebrae protect?

A

spinal cord

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19
Q

provide attachment place for muscles

A

vertebrae

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20
Q

type of jaw developed from gill supports

A

hinged jaw

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21
Q

What expanded the ways an animal could feed?

A

jaws

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22
Q

Lungs are ___ to the swim bladders of bony fishes.

A

homologous

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23
Q

name for the lungs of most fish

A

gills

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24
Q

Most air-breathing vertebrates have ___.

A

lungs

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25
Q

vertebrates with 2 pairs of limbs

A

tetrapods

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26
Q

enable animals to walk on land

A

limbs

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27
Q

have keratin based body coverings

A

amniotes

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28
Q

have a ‘naked skin’ body covering

A

amphibians

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29
Q

What do fish scales derive from?

A

bone

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30
Q

body temperature regulation:

fluctuates with the environment

A

ectotherm

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31
Q

body temperature regulation:

no internal mechanism to regulate temperature

A

ectotherm

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32
Q

body temperature regulation:

invertebrates, fishes, amphibians, non-avian reptiles

A

ectotherm

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33
Q

body temperature regulation:

maintain body temperature using heat generated by metabolism

A

endotherm

34
Q

body temperature regulation:

birds and mammals

A

endotherm

35
Q

have neither cranium nor backbone

A

tunicates and lancelets

36
Q

modern organisms that most resemble the ancestral chordates

A

tunicates and lancelets

37
Q

body covering

A

tunic

38
Q

free-swimming larvae, adults are sessile (retain only pharyngeal slits)

A

tunicates

39
Q

also called amphioxus, resemble small fish, display all 4 chordate characteristics

A

lancelets

40
Q

have a cranium but lack a backbone

A

hagfishes

41
Q

‘slime eel’, cartilage makes up notochord and supports tail, vertebrae don’t surround nerve cord

A

hagfishes

42
Q

widely considered on of the ugliest animals in the world, combines nearly every quality we find repulsive in animals

A

hagfish

43
Q

aquatic vertebrates with gills and fins, changed the course of vertebrate evolution

A

fishes

44
Q

Lungs and limbs originated in what?

A

fishes

45
Q

(T/F) Fishes may or may not have jaws.

A

true

46
Q

examples of jawless fishes

A

lampreys and ostracoderms

47
Q

simplest organisms to have cartilage around the nerve cord

A

lampreys

48
Q

extinct jawless fishes

A

ostracoderms

49
Q

examples of jawed fishes

A

placoderms, cartilaginous fishes, bony fish

50
Q

extinct jawed fishes

A

placoderms

51
Q

fishes such as sharks, skates, and rays that have a lateral line

A

cartilaginous fishes

52
Q

96% of existing fish species, bony tissue reinforced with calcium phosphate

A

bony fish

53
Q

2 classes of bony fish

A

ray-finned fishes,

lobe-finned fishes (lungfishes, coelacanths)

54
Q

were the first tetrapods, lead a double life on land and in water

A

amphibians

55
Q

Do amphibian eggs have protective shells?

A

no

56
Q

What new adaptations formed in amphibians due to their life on land?

A

lungs improved,
denser skeleton,
circulatory system more complex and powerful

57
Q

Tadpoles have ___ gills.

A

external

58
Q

3 main lineages of amphibians

A

frogs and toads,
salamanders and newts,
caecilians

59
Q

amphibians with no necks

A

frogs and toads

60
Q

amphibians with tails and 4 legs

A

salamanders and newts

61
Q

limbless amphibians

A

caecilians

62
Q

the first vertebrates to thrive on dry land

A

reptiles

63
Q

most live and reproduce on dry land, tough scales, internal fertilization, amniotic eggs

A

reptiles

64
Q

4 main groups of non-avian reptiles

A

turtles and tortoises,
lizards and snakes,
tuataras,
crocodilians

65
Q

reptilian group which includes birds, dinosaurs, and crocodilians

A

archosaurs

66
Q

warm, feathered reptiles

A

birds

67
Q

provide important clues to the evolutionary history of birds

A

archaeopteryx,

fossils of feathered reptiles

68
Q

What makes birds unique among reptiles?

A

feathers

69
Q

most fly, some are flightless, lightweight bones, 4-chambered, unique lungs, endotherms

A

birds

70
Q

warm, furry milk-drinkers; share a common ancestor with reptiles; lay eggs or bear live young

A

mammals

71
Q

Mammals and their immediate ancestors are ___.

A

synapsids

72
Q 
mammary glands and hair,
3 middle ear bones,
lower jaw is 1 bone,
4 distinctive types of teeth,
4-chambered heart,
brain's outer layer well developed,
diaphragm for breathing
A

mammals

73
Q

mammals that lay eggs

A

monotremes

74
Q

examples of monotremes

A

duck-billed platypus,

echidnas

75
Q

mammals that give birth to immature young

A

marsupials

76
Q

examples of marsupials

A

kangaroos and opossums

77
Q

mammals that have a placenta, much longer pregnancy, known as Eutherians

A

placental mammals

78
Q

uncanny mix of fish and tetrapod characteristics, adds to our knowledge about tetrapod evolution, predictive power

A

Tiktaalik roseae

79
Q

What did snakes evolve from?

A

lizards

80
Q

2 hypotheses for how snakes lost their limbs

A

snakes evolved on land or in the sea

81
Q

snake with functional legs, pelvis, and sacrum; more primitive than any other snake found; fossil of terrestrial origin

A

Najash rionegrina

82
Q

(T/F) Invertebrates have minimal diversity, unlike mammals.

A

false (extreme diversity)

BIO 102 Lecture (19 decks)

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