Animals Pt.1 - T3 S1 P2 Flashcards
1
Q
adult echinoderm symmetry
A
5-part radial symmetry
2
Q
echinoderm phylum
A
Echinodermata
3
Q
echinoderm environment
A
marine
4
Q
echinoderm water vascular system
A
tube feet
5
Q
5 familiar classes of echinoderm
A
sea lilies, sea stars, brittle stars, sea cucumbers, sea urchins and sand dollars
6
Q
echinoderm brain
A
no head or brain,
central nerve ring
7
Q
echinoderm reproduction
A
sexual
8
Q
echinoderm larvae symmetry
A
start bilateral
9
Q
Are most chordates vertebrates or invertebrates?
A
vertebrates
10
Q
chordate ancestor’s environment
A
aquatic
11
Q
Chordates arose with most other animal phyla during the ___.
A
Cambrian explosion
12
Q
4 distinguishing features of chordates
A
notochord;
dorsal, hollow nerve cord;
pharyngeal pouches or slits;
postanal tail
13
Q
cranium of most chordates
A
bony or cartilage-rich
14
Q
What does the cranium protect?
A
brain
15
Q
examples of craniates
A
hagfish and vertebrates
16
Q
have a vertebral column
A
vertebrates
17
Q
What are vertebrae composed of?
A
cartilage or bone
18
Q
What do vertebrae protect?
A
spinal cord
19
Q
provide attachment place for muscles
A
vertebrae
20
Q
type of jaw developed from gill supports
A
hinged jaw
21
Q
What expanded the ways an animal could feed?
A
jaws
22
Q
Lungs are ___ to the swim bladders of bony fishes.
A
homologous
23
Q
name for the lungs of most fish
A
gills
24
Q
Most air-breathing vertebrates have ___.
A
lungs
25
vertebrates with 2 pairs of limbs
tetrapods
26
enable animals to walk on land
limbs
27
have keratin based body coverings
amniotes
28
have a 'naked skin' body covering
amphibians
29
What do fish scales derive from?
bone
30
body temperature regulation:
| fluctuates with the environment
ectotherm
31
body temperature regulation:
| no internal mechanism to regulate temperature
ectotherm
32
body temperature regulation:
| invertebrates, fishes, amphibians, non-avian reptiles
ectotherm
33
body temperature regulation:
| maintain body temperature using heat generated by metabolism
endotherm
34
body temperature regulation:
| birds and mammals
endotherm
35
have neither cranium nor backbone
tunicates and lancelets
36
modern organisms that most resemble the ancestral chordates
tunicates and lancelets
37
body covering
tunic
38
free-swimming larvae, adults are sessile (retain only pharyngeal slits)
tunicates
39
also called amphioxus, resemble small fish, display all 4 chordate characteristics
lancelets
40
have a cranium but lack a backbone
hagfishes
41
'slime eel', cartilage makes up notochord and supports tail, vertebrae don't surround nerve cord
hagfishes
42
widely considered on of the ugliest animals in the world, combines nearly every quality we find repulsive in animals
hagfish
43
aquatic vertebrates with gills and fins, changed the course of vertebrate evolution
fishes
44
Lungs and limbs originated in what?
fishes
45
(T/F) Fishes may or may not have jaws.
true
46
examples of jawless fishes
lampreys and ostracoderms
47
simplest organisms to have cartilage around the nerve cord
lampreys
48
extinct jawless fishes
ostracoderms
49
examples of jawed fishes
placoderms, cartilaginous fishes, bony fish
50
extinct jawed fishes
placoderms
51
fishes such as sharks, skates, and rays that have a lateral line
cartilaginous fishes
52
96% of existing fish species, bony tissue reinforced with calcium phosphate
bony fish
53
2 classes of bony fish
ray-finned fishes,
| lobe-finned fishes (lungfishes, coelacanths)
54
were the first tetrapods, lead a double life on land and in water
amphibians
55
Do amphibian eggs have protective shells?
no
56
What new adaptations formed in amphibians due to their life on land?
lungs improved,
denser skeleton,
circulatory system more complex and powerful
57
Tadpoles have ___ gills.
external
58
3 main lineages of amphibians
frogs and toads,
salamanders and newts,
caecilians
59
amphibians with no necks
frogs and toads
60
amphibians with tails and 4 legs
salamanders and newts
61
limbless amphibians
caecilians
62
the first vertebrates to thrive on dry land
reptiles
63
most live and reproduce on dry land, tough scales, internal fertilization, amniotic eggs
reptiles
64
4 main groups of non-avian reptiles
turtles and tortoises,
lizards and snakes,
tuataras,
crocodilians
65
reptilian group which includes birds, dinosaurs, and crocodilians
archosaurs
66
warm, feathered reptiles
birds
67
provide important clues to the evolutionary history of birds
archaeopteryx,
| fossils of feathered reptiles
68
What makes birds unique among reptiles?
feathers
69
most fly, some are flightless, lightweight bones, 4-chambered, unique lungs, endotherms
birds
70
warm, furry milk-drinkers; share a common ancestor with reptiles; lay eggs or bear live young
mammals
71
Mammals and their immediate ancestors are ___.
synapsids
72
```
mammary glands and hair,
3 middle ear bones,
lower jaw is 1 bone,
4 distinctive types of teeth,
4-chambered heart,
brain's outer layer well developed,
diaphragm for breathing
```
mammals
73
mammals that lay eggs
monotremes
74
examples of monotremes
duck-billed platypus,
| echidnas
75
mammals that give birth to immature young
marsupials
76
examples of marsupials
kangaroos and opossums
77
mammals that have a placenta, much longer pregnancy, known as Eutherians
placental mammals
78
uncanny mix of fish and tetrapod characteristics, adds to our knowledge about tetrapod evolution, predictive power
Tiktaalik roseae
79
What did snakes evolve from?
lizards
80
2 hypotheses for how snakes lost their limbs
snakes evolved on land or in the sea
81
snake with functional legs, pelvis, and sacrum; more primitive than any other snake found; fossil of terrestrial origin
Najash rionegrina
82
(T/F) Invertebrates have minimal diversity, unlike mammals.
false (extreme diversity)
