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Microbiology > Viruses Generalities and DNA Viruses > Flashcards

Viruses Generalities and DNA Viruses Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What do the naked an enveloped virus use to attach to the host cells?

A
  • naked virus ▶️ proteins

- enveloped virus ▶️ glycoproteins

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2
Q

EBV receptor, cell infected

A

CD21 = CR2 ▶️ B lymphocytes

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3
Q

Rabies virus receptor, cell infected

A

Acetylcholine receptor ▶️ neurons

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4
Q

Rhinovirus receptor, cell infected

A

ICAM-1 ▶️ respiratory epithelial cells

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5
Q

What type of virus can be inactivated by heat, detergents, acid and organic solvents like ethers and alcohol? Why?

A

Enveloped viruses ▶️ dissolve the envelope ▶️ glycoproteins in it ⏩ inhibits attachment

*naked viruses are not affected by those agents

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6
Q

What is the exception of the DNA viruses that need an intermediate to REPLICATION? What does it need?

A

Hepatitis B virus

DNA polymerase for hepatitis B (RNA-dependent DNA polymerase)

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7
Q

How are released the naked viruses from the host cells? What type of infections do they produce?

A

Lyse the host cells (blow up).

Cytolytic productive or latent infections produce. NO persistent productive infections.

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8
Q

How are the enveloped viruses released from the host cells? What type of infections do they produce?

A

Budding the host cell membrane.

Aging of host cells, produce low level of virus for years (ex; chronic hepatitis B).

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9
Q

How does the IFN inhibit the viral protein synthesis?

A
  • (+) RNA endonuclease ▶️ digest viral RNA

- (+) protein kinase ▶️ (-) eIF2

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10
Q

Overall effect of all IFN

A

⬆️ MHC I, II, and NK cells activity ▶️ ⬆️ efficiency of presentation of Ags to Th, CTL

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11
Q

Most common transmission pathway of naked virus? Why?

A

Feca-oral

Resist aggressive environments

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12
Q

Most common transmission pathway of enveloped virus. Why?

A

Close contact ▶️ sexual, parenteral

Are more sensitive to aggressive environments (acids, detergents, heat, organic solvents

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13
Q

Chronicity of hepatitis C and B, which more frequently give rise to chronic hepatitis?

A

Hepatitis B ▶️ 5-10% adults, 90% infants (immature immune system)
Hepatitis C ▶️ 80% become chronic

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14
Q

Markers that yo can find in thy window period of hepatitis B?

A

HBcAb IgG, HBeAb, HBcAb IgM (+ or -)

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15
Q

First antibody that you can find in acute infection of hepatitis B, when?

A

HBcAb IgM at 2-3 months

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16
Q

What means chronic active hepatitis B?

A

Presence of chronicity markers (HBcAb IgG,HBsAg) plus HBeAb negative

17
Q

Fetus compromised with severe anemia, congestive heart failure, hydrops fetalis, spontaneous abortion, if mother is up to date with vaccine, what agents you should think about? And if is not up to date with vaccines, what is the most common cause of the presentation?

A

Parvovirus B19 or CMV ▶️ vaccines up to date

Rubella syndrome congenital ▶️ not up to date

18
Q

Malignancy pathogenesis of HPV

A

E6 ▶️ (-) P53
E7 ▶️ (-) Rb
*tumor suppressor genes

19
Q

Common etiology agent of dendritic ulcer at the eyes

A

HSV-1

20
Q

Diagnose of encephalitis by HSV-1

A

PCR on CSF

Large numbers of RBC in CSF

21
Q

Diagnose of genital infections by HSV-1

A

Tzank smear ▶️ multinucleated giant cells + cowdry type A intranuclear inclusions

*don’t allow differentiate from HSV-2 ▶️ use immunofluorescent staining

22
Q

Uses of acyclovir. Which viruses can you treat? How does it work?

A

VZV, HSV-1, HSV-2

Requires activation by viral thymidine kinase

23
Q

Disease that is caused by HHV-6. Clinical presentation.

A

Roseola (examthema subitum)

3-5 days high fever ▶️▶️ lacy body rash

24
Q

Diagnose of CMV

A

Organ biopsy or urine ▶️ owl-eye intranuclear inclusion bodies.
Basophilic intranuclear inclusions.
Serology, DNA, virus culture
Heterophile antibodies mononucleosis (-)

25
Q

Malignancies associated with EBV

A

Burkitt lymphoma
Hodgkin lymphoma
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

26
Q

Diagnosing of EBV infection - mononucleosis.

A

Heterophile antibodies mononucleosis (monospot) (+)

Downey atypical reactive T cells

27
Q

Leading cause of encephalitis in US.

A

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)

28
Q

Common agent in pharyngoconjunctivitis, usually contracted through swimming pools

A

Adenovirus

29
Q

Most common cause of interstitial pneumonia in transplant patients

A

CMV

30
Q

Microbial agents associated with heterophile (-) infectious mononucleosis.

A

CMV
Toxoplasma
Listeria

Microbiology (14 decks)

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